三角换元法是一种计算积分的方法,是换元积分法的一个特例。
在积分
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中,我们可以用以下的代换
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
这样,积分变为:

注意以上的步骤需要
和
;我们可以选择
为
的算术平方根,然后用反正弦函数把
限制为
。
对于定积分的计算,我们必须知道积分限是怎样变化。例如,当
从0增加到
时,
从0增加到
,所以
从0增加到
。因此,我们有:

在积分

中,我们可以用以下的代换:


这样,积分变为:
![{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\quad \int {\frac {dx}{a^{2}+x^{2}}}&=\int {\frac {a\sec ^{2}\theta \,d\theta }{a^{2}+a^{2}\tan ^{2}\theta }}\\&=\int {\frac {a\sec ^{2}\theta \,d\theta }{a^{2}[1+\tan ^{2}\theta ]}}\\&=\int {\frac {a\sec ^{2}\theta \,d\theta }{a^{2}\sec ^{2}\theta }}\\&=\int {\frac {d\theta }{a}}\\&={\frac {\theta }{a}}+C\\&={\frac {1}{a}}\arctan {\frac {x}{a}}+C\end{aligned}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/22887b99fc50663f4f90ae0b609bd4a2e3d2109e)
(a > 0)。
以下的积分

可以用部分分式的方法来计算,但是,

则必须要用换元法:



对于含有三角函数的积分,可以用以下的代换:



