第二次川普總統任期
第二次唐納·川普總統任期 | |
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2025年1月20日 – 候任 | |
內閣成員 | 第二次川普政府 |
所屬政黨 | 共和黨 |
競選時期 | 2024年 |
官邸 | 白宮 |
← 喬·拜登總統任期 • | |
美國總統徽章 |
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商業和個人 |
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唐納·川普的第二次總統任期將於2025年1月20日開始執政,屆時川普將於當日宣誓就職為第47任美國總統。同時,J·D·范斯也將同步就任第50任美國副總統。川普曾於2017年至2021年間擔任第45任總統。
川普在2024年美國總統選舉中以312張選舉人團票擊敗民主黨現任副總統賀錦麗的226張,並同時贏得普選票。就職後他將成為繼1893年的格羅弗·克里夫蘭之後,美國歷史上第二位非連續任職的總統、最年長的就職總統、第一位被彈劾後就職的總統以及第一位曾被定罪的總統。
背景
[編輯]過渡時期
[編輯]2024年8月,川普開始組建由琳達·麥馬漢和霍華德·盧特尼克領導的過渡團隊。[1]截至11月份,他尚未參與總統過渡進程 [2]和尚未簽署必需的道德承諾。 [3]
內閣
[編輯]主要職位
[編輯]其他職位
[編輯]11月10日,川普宣布前移民和海關執法局代理局長湯姆·霍曼將擔任「邊境沙皇」。[5]11月11日,CNN報道稱史蒂芬·米勒將擔任川普的政策副幕僚長。[6]11月12日,川普宣布前內閣部長比爾·麥金利將擔任他的下一任白宮法律顧問;[7]房地產投資者史蒂夫·威特科夫將擔任總統的中東問題特使。[8]
11月12日,川普宣布成立政府效率部並將由伊隆·馬斯克和維韋克·拉馬斯瓦米領導。[9][10]
11月12日,川普宣布將提名前阿肯色州州長麥克·赫卡比擔任駐以色列大使。[11]據報道,川普正在認真考慮提名私人律師托德·布蘭奇為美國司法部副部長,[12]兩天後,他正式批准了這一提名,同時還提名私人律師埃米爾·博夫為司法部副部長,D·約翰·索爾為美國訟務次長。 [13] 11月15日, 《華爾街日報》報道稱,川普正考慮讓福斯財經網主持人、前白宮國家經濟委員會主任拉里·庫德洛擔任「高級經濟職位」,[14]但庫德洛隨後拒絕擔任這一職務。 [15]同一天,川普宣布張振𤋮、塞爾吉奧·戈爾(Sergio Gor)和卡羅琳·萊維特將分別擔任白宮通訊聯絡主任、人事主管和白宮新聞秘書。 [16] [17]另外在15日,有報道稱前國會議員麥克·羅傑斯正在考慮出任聯邦調查局長。[18]11月16日,川普宣布將任命私人律師威爾·沙夫(Will Scharf)為白宮幕僚長。[19]
內政預期
[編輯]經濟
[編輯]川普的經濟提案以貿易保護主義性關稅為特色,並將其作為解決美國幾乎所有問題的解決方案,包括兒童照顧、赤字削減、經濟增長和供應鏈。川普認為自己的提議是經濟民族主義[20],並承諾對所有國家特別是中國的進口商品徵收更高的關稅。[21]
川普已表示打算制定反監管政策並削減他認為會抑制就業創造的監管。川普表示除了2017年減稅與就業法案外,他打算進一步實施減免個人所得稅和企業稅。[22]川普認為對富人保持低稅率可以增加就業機會[23],並且這些政策加上打擊非法移民和降低通貨膨脹將有助於中產階級。[24]川普表示,他將透過成立由馬斯克領導的政府效率部來減少對商業的監管,同時減少環境監管。[25]
他亦建議取消聯邦小費課稅政策和廢除聯邦所得稅並以關稅取代。[26]川普也表示他將取消老年人社會保障收入的聯邦所得稅[27],結束對居住在國外的美國公民的雙重徵稅[28],並提議使汽車貸款利息完全免稅。[29]
移民
[編輯]川普打算擴大和恢復他在第一任總統期間實施的移民政策,包括對穆斯林的旅行禁令,透過第42條法案聲稱尋求庇護者攜帶傳染病來驅逐他們,授權警察和士兵協助移民和海關執法局進行大規模驅逐,並建立根據《紐約時報》報道,規模龐大的拘留營。[30]川普獲勝後表示,誓言要對非法移民進行「美國史上最大規模的驅逐行動」。[31]
川普的邊境沙皇湯姆·霍曼將會「負責把所有非法外國人驅逐回原籍國」。[32]
聯邦政府
[編輯]伊隆·馬斯克和維韋克·拉馬斯瓦米領導的政府效率部將「提供政府外部的建議和指導」。[33][34]
刑事
[編輯]川普支持槍殺涉嫌店舖行竊的人、讓警察對犯罪者實施類似驚慄電影《國定殺戮日》「真正暴力的一天」、法外處決未成年罪犯以及對走私者執行死刑。[35][36]他也支持對殺害美國公民和執法人員的非法移民、人口販子和毒販判處死刑。[37][38][39]
教育
[編輯]在他的第一次任期內,川普削減了對美國教育部的資助。川普在2024年競選總統期間,積極推動廢除教育部的想法,並提議將教育控制權移交給各州政府。[40]
醫療
[編輯]川普表示他將責成多個聯邦機構進行監管,並最終「停止」對未成年人的性別確認護理,因為這等同於「虐待兒童」和「兒童性殘割」。他還將禁止任何聯邦機構致力於「在任何年齡段推廣性和性別轉變的概念」,而不僅僅是針對未成年人。[41]
墮胎
[編輯]川普在2024年4月宣布應將墮胎權下放給各州[42],並表示他不會簽署聯邦墮胎禁令[43]並在10月重申了他的立場。[44]
環境
[編輯]川普團隊正準備第二次退出《巴黎協定》,擴大在公共土地上的鑽探和採礦,並廢除其他減少環境污染的政府部門,討論將美國國家環境保護局從華盛頓特區移出。將結束拜登總統領導下開始的新天然氣出口碼頭的暫停,並阻止各州制定自己的污染標準。[45]
2024年4月在川普私人莊園海湖莊園舉行的私人晚宴上,川普向化石燃料公司承諾,如果他們向他的競選活動捐款,他將取消部份環境法規。[46]
外交預期
[編輯]東亞
[編輯]中國
[編輯]川普將對美國進口的中國商品徵收60%的關稅,關稅稅率遠高於他第一任期內對中國徵收的7.5%-25%的關稅。[47]
台灣
[編輯]川普提名的美國國務卿馬可·盧比歐十分重視美台關係,在參議員任內曾經與時任中華民國總統蔡英文和副總統當選人賴清德會面,並多次公開發表支持臺灣的言論及重申《臺灣關係法》的重要性。[48]
中東
[編輯]以色列
[編輯]在他的第一次任期內,川普被認為是美國最親以色列的美國總統之一。[49][50]在2024年總統競選期間,川普敦促以色列總理班傑明·納坦雅胡在兩個月內結束在加薩的以色列—哈馬斯戰爭,並為攻擊伊朗核設施打開了大門。[51]選舉後,川普自2017年以來首次與巴勒斯坦總統馬哈茂德·阿巴斯通話。在通話中,川普表達了迅速結束加薩戰爭的願望。[52][53]川普的女婿、前白宮高級顧問賈里德·庫什納預計將作為總統外部顧問在美國未來的中東政策中發揮關鍵作用。庫什納親以色列並與多位阿拉伯領導人有聯繫,曾在川普第一任總統期間幫助斡旋《亞伯拉罕協議》。[54]川普的大多數顧問和內閣成員都被認為是以色列的堅定支持者。[55][56]
伊朗
[編輯]政府效率部專員伊隆·馬斯克於2024年11月11日會見了伊朗駐聯合國大使賽義德伊拉瓦尼(Saeid Iravani)。[57][58]
歐洲
[編輯]俄羅斯和烏克蘭
[編輯]川普在總統選舉獲勝後,他致電俄羅斯總統普丁,警告普丁不要升級俄烏戰爭,並表示有興趣稍後解決這場戰爭。[59]
北約
[編輯]川普多次表示身為總統,他不會承諾保衛那些未將GDP的至少2%用於國防的北約成員國。此外副總統萬斯表示,在他看來北約是一個「福利客戶」,而不是一個「一個真正的聯盟」。[60]
南美洲
[編輯]阿根廷
[編輯]2024年11月14日,阿根廷總統哈維爾·米雷伊前往佛羅裡達州海湖莊園與川普會面。[61]他是川普在總統選舉獲勝後第一位前往美國並會見當選總統的外國國家元首。[62]米萊是一位右翼自由意志主義經濟學家,此前曾表示對川普及其政治的熱情支持,希望加強阿根廷與西方世界之間的外交和經濟關係。據報道,在選舉結果公佈後的一次電話會議中,川普稱米萊為他「最喜歡的總統」。[62] 米萊亦在邁阿密舉行的保守政治行動會議上發表了演說。[63]米萊還會見了政府效率部專員伊隆·馬斯克和維韋克·拉馬斯瓦米,就「廢除官僚機構」、削減政府開支和重組聯邦人員的目標向他們提供建議。[62][64]
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