第二次特朗普总统任期
第二次唐纳德·特朗普总统任期 | |
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2025年1月20日 – 候任 | |
内阁成员 | 第二次特朗普政府 |
所属政党 | 共和党 |
竞选时期 | 2024年 |
官邸 | 白宫 |
← 乔·拜登总统任期 • | |
美国总统徽章 |
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商业和个人 |
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唐纳德·特朗普的第二次总统任期将于2025年1月20日开始执政,届时特朗普将于当日宣誓就职为第47任美国总统。同时,J·D·万斯也将同步就任第50任美国副总统。特朗普曾于2017年至2021年间担任第45任总统。
特朗普在2024年美国总统选举中以312张选举人团票击败民主党现任副总统贺锦丽的226张,并同时赢得普选票。就职后他将成为继1893年的格罗弗·克利夫兰之后,美国历史上第二位非连续任职的总统、最年长的就职总统、第一位被弹劾后就职的总统以及第一位曾被定罪的总统。
背景
[编辑]过渡时期
[编辑]2024年8月,特朗普开始组建由琳达·麦马汉和霍华德·卢特尼克领导的过渡团队。[1]截至11月份,他尚未参与总统过渡进程 [2]和尚未签署必需的道德承诺。 [3]
特朗普预计将于2025年1月20日在美国国会大厦就职。[4]
内阁
[编辑]主要职位
[编辑]其他职位
[编辑]11月10日,特朗普宣布前移民和海关执法局代理局长汤姆·霍曼将担任“边境沙皇”。[5]11月11日,CNN报道称斯蒂芬·米勒将担任特朗普的政策副幕僚长。[6]11月12日,特朗普宣布前内阁部长比尔·麦金利将担任他的下一任白宫法律顾问;[7]房地产投资者史蒂夫·威特科夫将担任总统的中东问题特使。[8]
11月12日,特朗普宣布成立政府效率部并将由伊隆·马斯克和维韦克·拉马斯瓦米领导。[9][10]
11月12日,特朗普宣布将提名前阿肯色州州长麦克·赫卡比担任驻以色列大使。[11]据报道,特朗普正在认真考虑提名私人律师托德·布兰奇为美国司法部副部长,[12]两天后,他正式批准了这一提名,同时还提名私人律师埃米尔·博夫为司法部副部长,D·约翰·索尔为美国副总检察长。 [13] 11月15日, 《华尔街日报》报道称,特朗普正考虑让福斯财经网主持人、前白宫国家经济委员会主任拉里·库德洛担任“高级经济职位”,[14]但库德洛随后拒绝担任这一职务。 [15]同一天,特朗普宣布张振熙、塞尔吉奥·戈尔(Sergio Gor)和卡罗琳·莱维特将分别担任白宫通讯联络主任、人事主管和白宫新闻秘书。 [16] [17]另外在15日,有报道称前国会议员麦克·罗杰斯正在考虑出任联邦调查局长。[18]11月16日,特朗普宣布将任命私人律师威尔·沙夫(Will Scharf)为白宫幕僚长。[19]
内政预期
[编辑]经济
[编辑]特朗普的经济提案以贸易保护主义性关税为特色,并将其作为解决美国几乎所有问题的解决方案,包括儿童照顾、赤字削减、经济增长和供应链。特朗普认为自己的提议是经济民族主义[20],并承诺对所有国家特别是中国的进口商品征收更高的关税。[21]
特朗普已表示打算制定反监管政策并削减他认为会抑制就业创造的监管。特朗普表示除了2017年减税与就业法案外,他打算进一步实施减免个人所得税和企业税。[22]特朗普认为对富人保持低税率可以增加就业机会[23],并且这些政策加上打击非法移民和降低通货膨胀将有助于中产阶级。[24]特朗普表示,他将透过成立由马斯克领导的政府效率部来减少对商业的监管,同时减少环境监管。[25]
他亦建议取消联邦小费课税政策和废除联邦所得税并以关税取代。[26]特朗普也表示他将取消老年人社会保障收入的联邦所得税[27],结束对居住在国外的美国公民的双重征税[28],并提议使汽车贷款利息完全免税。[29]
移民
[编辑]特朗普打算扩大和恢复他在第一任总统期间实施的移民政策,包括对穆斯林的旅行禁令,透过第42条法案声称寻求庇护者携带传染病来驱逐他们,授权警察和士兵协助移民和海关执法局进行大规模驱逐,并建立根据《纽约时报》报道,规模庞大的拘留营。[30]特朗普获胜后表示,誓言要对非法移民进行“美国史上最大规模的驱逐行动”。[31]
特朗普的边境沙皇汤姆·霍曼将会“负责把所有非法外国人驱逐回原籍国”。[32]
联邦政府
[编辑]伊隆·马斯克和维韦克·拉马斯瓦米领导的政府效率部将“提供政府外部的建议和指导”。[33][34]
刑事
[编辑]特朗普支持枪杀涉嫌店铺行窃的人、让警察对犯罪者实施类似惊栗电影《国定杀戮日》“真正暴力的一天”、法外处决未成年罪犯以及对走私者执行死刑。[35][36]他也支持对杀害美国公民和执法人员的非法移民、人口贩子和毒贩判处死刑。[37][38][39]
教育
[编辑]在他的第一次任期内,特朗普削减了对美国教育部的资助。特朗普在2024年竞选总统期间,积极推动废除教育部的想法,并提议将教育控制权移交给各州政府。[40]
医疗
[编辑]特朗普表示他将责成多个联邦机构进行监管,并最终“停止”对未成年人的性别确认护理,因为这等同于“虐待儿童”和“儿童性残割”。他还将禁止任何联邦机构致力于“在任何年龄段推广性和性别转变的概念”,而不仅仅是针对未成年人。[41]
堕胎
[编辑]特朗普在2024年4月宣布应将堕胎权下放给各州[42],并表示他不会签署联邦堕胎禁令[43]并在10月重申了他的立场。[44]
环境
[编辑]特朗普团队正准备第二次退出《巴黎协定》,扩大在公共土地上的钻探和采矿,并废除其他减少环境污染的政府部门,讨论将美国国家环境保护局从华盛顿特区移出。将结束拜登总统领导下开始的新天然气出口码头的暂停,并阻止各州制定自己的污染标准。[45]
2024年4月在特朗普私人庄园海湖庄园举行的私人晚宴上,特朗普向化石燃料公司承诺,如果他们向他的竞选活动捐款,他将取消部分环境法规。[46]
外交预期
[编辑]东亚
[编辑]中国
[编辑]特朗普将对美国进口的中国商品征收60%的关税,关税税率远高于他第一任期内对中国征收的7.5%-25%的关税。[47]
台湾
[编辑]特朗普提名的美国国务卿马尔科·鲁比奥十分重视美台关系,在参议员任内曾经与时任中华民国总统蔡英文和副总统当选人赖清德会面,并多次公开发表支持台湾的言论及重申《台湾关系法》的重要性。[48]
中东
[编辑]以色列
[编辑]在他的第一次任期内,特朗普被认为是美国最亲以色列的美国总统之一。[49][50]在2024年总统竞选期间,特朗普敦促以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡在两个月内结束在加萨的以色列—哈马斯战争,并为攻击伊朗核设施打开了大门。[51]选举后,特朗普自2017年以来首次与巴勒斯坦总统马哈茂德·阿巴斯通话。在通话中,特朗普表达了迅速结束加萨战争的愿望。[52][53]特朗普的女婿、前白宫高级顾问贾里德·库什纳预计将作为总统外部顾问在美国未来的中东政策中发挥关键作用。库什纳亲以色列并与多位阿拉伯领导人有联系,曾在特朗普第一任总统期间帮助斡旋《亚伯拉罕协议》。[54]特朗普的大多数顾问和内阁成员都被认为是以色列的坚定支持者。[55][56]
伊朗
[编辑]政府效率部专员伊隆·马斯克于2024年11月11日会见了伊朗驻联合国大使赛义德伊拉瓦尼(Saeid Iravani)。[57][58]
欧洲
[编辑]俄罗斯和乌克兰
[编辑]特朗普在总统选举获胜后,他致电俄罗斯总统普京,警告普京不要升级俄乌战争,并表示有兴趣稍后解决这场战争。[59]
北约
[编辑]特朗普多次表示身为总统,他不会承诺保卫那些未将GDP的至少2%用于国防的北约成员国。此外副总统万斯表示,在他看来北约是一个“福利客户”,而不是一个“一个真正的联盟”。[60]
南美洲
[编辑]阿根廷
[编辑]2024年11月14日,阿根廷总统哈维尔·米莱前往佛罗里达州海湖庄园与特朗普会面。[61]他是特朗普在总统选举获胜后第一位前往美国并会见当选总统的外国国家元首。[62]米莱是一位右翼自由意志主义经济学家,此前曾表示对特朗普及其政治的热情支持,希望加强阿根廷与西方世界之间的外交和经济关系。据报道,在选举结果公布后的一次电话会议中,特朗普称米莱为他“最喜欢的总统”。[62] 米莱亦在迈阿密举行的保守政治行动会议上发表了演说。[63]米莱还会见了政府效率部专员伊隆·马斯克和维韦克·拉马斯瓦米,就“废除官僚机构”、削减政府开支和重组联邦人员的目标向他们提供建议。[62][64]
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