石板墓文化

石板墓文化
地理范围	蒙古，南西伯利亚
时期	铜器时代，铁器时代
时间	1300 (Transbaikal) 700 (Mongolia) –300 BC.
先前文化	乌兰朱和文化，鹿石文化
继承文化	匈奴帝国

石板墓文化（英语：Slab Grave culture），又译四方墓文化，是出现于蒙古高原与外贝加尔的史前人类文化，年代介于晚期青铜时代至早期铁器时代之间，约为公元前13世纪至前6世纪^[2]^[3]。匈奴帝国为石板墓文化的后继者，之后的突厥人与蒙古人的民族起源历史可追溯至这个时代^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]。

名称来源

石板墓文化的名称，来自于在这个区域中发现的古代坟墓风格。这类型的坟墓，是四方形的箱形坟穴，在边缘树立大型石板，围绕墓地。俄国考古学者波罗斯卡（Gregorii Borovka）将这个类型的古代坟墓称为石板墓（俄语：плиточная могила，德语：Plattengrab，英语：slab burial）。之后成为这个文化类型的称呼^[8]。

概论

注释

^ Fitzhugh 2009b，第80页，In Mongolia square burials begin almost exactly when the use of deer stones and khirigsuurs ceases, about cal. 2700 B.P., and continue well into the Scythian period (Honeychurch, personal communication 2008)..
^ Н.Наваан, Дорнод Монголын хүрлийн үе (Mongolian), N.Navaan, Bronze Age of Eastern Mongolia
^ Tumen D., "Anthropology of Archaeological Populations from Northeast Asia [1] page 25,27
^ Vidaković, Nenad. From the Ethnic History of Asia – the Dōnghú, Wūhuán and Xiānbēi Proto-Mongolian Tribes. Migracijske i etničke teme. 30 April 2012, 28 (1): 75–95. ISSN 1333-2546 （克罗地亚语）. "Other types of sources on the history of the Proto-Mongolian tribes are archaeological findings, which associate Mongolian ethnogenesis with slab grave cultures and the Lower Xiàjiādiàn."
^ Savelyev, Alexander; Jeong, Choongwon. Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. Evolutionary Human Sciences. 7 May 2020, 2: E20. ISSN 2513-843X. PMC 7612788 . PMID 35663512. doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.18.
^ Jeong, Choongwon; Wang, Ke; Wilkin, Shevan; Taylor, William Timothy Treal; Miller, Bryan K.; Bemmann, Jan H.; Stahl, Raphaela; Chiovelli, Chelsea; Knolle, Florian; Ulziibayar, Sodnom; Khatanbaatar, Dorjpurev; Erdenebaatar, Diimaajav; Erdenebat, Ulambayar; Ochir, Ayudai; Ankhsanaa, Ganbold; Vanchigdash, Chuluunkhuu; Ochir, Battuga; Munkhbayar, Chuluunbat; Tumen, Dashzeveg; Kovalev, Alexey; Kradin, Nikolay; Bazarov, Bilikto A.; Miyagashev, Denis A.; Konovalov, Prokopiy B.; Zhambaltarova, Elena; Miller, Alicia Ventresca; Haak, Wolfgang; Schiffels, Stephan; Krause, Johannes; Boivin, Nicole; Erdene, Myagmar; Hendy, Jessica; Warinner, Christina. A Dynamic 6,000-Year Genetic History of Eurasia's Eastern Steppe. Cell. 12 November 2020, 183 (4): 890–904.e29. ISSN 1097-4172. PMC 7664836 . PMID 33157037. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.015 .
^ Jeong, Choongwon; Wang, Ke; Wilkin, Shevan; Taylor, William Timothy Treal; Miller, Bryan K.; Bemmann, Jan H.; Stahl, Raphaela; Chiovelli, Chelsea; Knolle, Florian; Ulziibayar, Sodnom; Khatanbaatar, Dorjpurev; Erdenebaatar, Diimaajav; Erdenebat, Ulambayar; Ochir, Ayudai; Ankhsanaa, Ganbold. A Dynamic 6,000-Year Genetic History of Eurasia's Eastern Steppe. Cell. November 2020, 183 (4): 890–904.e29. ISSN 0092-8674. PMC 7664836 . PMID 33157037. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.015.
^ Bemmann, Jan; Brosseder, Ursula. Bazarov, B. V. , 编. A Long Standing Tradition – Stelae in the Steppes with a Special Focus on the Slab Grave Culture. In: Actual Problems of Archaeology and Ethnology of Central Asia: Materials of the II International Conference. Ulan-Udė: The Buryat Scientific Center SB RA. 2017. ISBN 978-5-7925-0494-3.

[FOOTNOTEFitzhugh2009b80In_Mongolia_square_burials_begin_almost_exactly_when_the_use_of_deer_stones_and_khirigsuurs_ceases,_about_cal._2700_B.P.,_and_continue_well_into_the_Scythian_period_(Honeychurch,_personal_communication_2008).-1] Fitzhugh 2009b，第80页，In Mongolia square burials begin almost exactly when the use of deer stones and khirigsuurs ceases, about cal. 2700 B.P., and continue well into the Scythian period (Honeychurch, personal communication 2008)..

[2] Н.Наваан, Дорнод Монголын хүрлийн үе (Mongolian), N.Navaan, Bronze Age of Eastern Mongolia

[Tumen-3] Tumen D., "Anthropology of Archaeological Populations from Northeast Asia [1] page 25,27

[4] Vidaković, Nenad. From the Ethnic History of Asia – the Dōnghú, Wūhuán and Xiānbēi Proto-Mongolian Tribes. Migracijske i etničke teme. 30 April 2012, 28 (1): 75–95. ISSN 1333-2546 （克罗地亚语）. "Other types of sources on the history of the Proto-Mongolian tribes are archaeological findings, which associate Mongolian ethnogenesis with slab grave cultures and the Lower Xiàjiādiàn."

[5] Savelyev, Alexander; Jeong, Choongwon. Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West. Evolutionary Human Sciences. 7 May 2020, 2: E20. ISSN 2513-843X. PMC 7612788 . PMID 35663512. doi:10.1017/ehs.2020.18.

[6] Jeong, Choongwon; Wang, Ke; Wilkin, Shevan; Taylor, William Timothy Treal; Miller, Bryan K.; Bemmann, Jan H.; Stahl, Raphaela; Chiovelli, Chelsea; Knolle, Florian; Ulziibayar, Sodnom; Khatanbaatar, Dorjpurev; Erdenebaatar, Diimaajav; Erdenebat, Ulambayar; Ochir, Ayudai; Ankhsanaa, Ganbold; Vanchigdash, Chuluunkhuu; Ochir, Battuga; Munkhbayar, Chuluunbat; Tumen, Dashzeveg; Kovalev, Alexey; Kradin, Nikolay; Bazarov, Bilikto A.; Miyagashev, Denis A.; Konovalov, Prokopiy B.; Zhambaltarova, Elena; Miller, Alicia Ventresca; Haak, Wolfgang; Schiffels, Stephan; Krause, Johannes; Boivin, Nicole; Erdene, Myagmar; Hendy, Jessica; Warinner, Christina. A Dynamic 6,000-Year Genetic History of Eurasia's Eastern Steppe. Cell. 12 November 2020, 183 (4): 890–904.e29. ISSN 1097-4172. PMC 7664836 . PMID 33157037. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.015 .

[7] Jeong, Choongwon; Wang, Ke; Wilkin, Shevan; Taylor, William Timothy Treal; Miller, Bryan K.; Bemmann, Jan H.; Stahl, Raphaela; Chiovelli, Chelsea; Knolle, Florian; Ulziibayar, Sodnom; Khatanbaatar, Dorjpurev; Erdenebaatar, Diimaajav; Erdenebat, Ulambayar; Ochir, Ayudai; Ankhsanaa, Ganbold. A Dynamic 6,000-Year Genetic History of Eurasia's Eastern Steppe. Cell. November 2020, 183 (4): 890–904.e29. ISSN 0092-8674. PMC 7664836 . PMID 33157037. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.015.

[8] Bemmann, Jan; Brosseder, Ursula. Bazarov, B. V. , 编. A Long Standing Tradition – Stelae in the Steppes with a Special Focus on the Slab Grave Culture. In: Actual Problems of Archaeology and Ethnology of Central Asia: Materials of the II International Conference. Ulan-Udė: The Buryat Scientific Center SB RA. 2017. ISBN 978-5-7925-0494-3.

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