茶苯海明

茶苯海明
组成
苯海拉明	抗组织胺药, 镇静剂
8-氯茶碱	兴奋剂
临床资料
商品名（英语：Drug nomenclature）	Dramamine, Draminate, Gravol, others
其他名称	Diphenhydramine/8-chlorotheophylline salt
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a607046
核准状况	美 DailyMed: Dimenhydrinate;
怀孕分级	澳: A ; ;
给药途径	口服给药, 肛门给药（英语：Rectal administration）, 静脉注射, 肌肉注射
ATC码	R06AA11 (WHO) combinations R06AA61;
法律规范状态
法律规范	澳：限药店出售（S2）; 加：非处方药; 美：OTC;
药物动力学数据
药物代谢	肝脏
生物半衰期	5.5 小时 (苯海拉明成分)
识别信息
CAS号	523-87-5
PubChem CID	10660;
DrugBank	DB00985 ;
ChemSpider	10210 ;
UNII	JB937PER5C;
KEGG	D00520 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:94848;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1200406 ;
CompTox Dashboard（英语：CompTox Chemicals Dashboard） (EPA)	DTXSID9025087 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.007.593

茶苯海明（INN：Dimenhydrinate）用于治疗晕动病、恶心和眩晕的药物^[2]。虽然它可能可以治疗过敏，但尚未无针对过敏的研究^[2]。它是苯海拉明和8-氯茶碱（英语：8-Chlorotheophylline）的复方药^[3] ^[4]。

常见副作用包括嗜睡、视力模糊、口干、头痛、精神错乱和头晕^[2] ^[3]。服用后，儿童可能变得过度活跃^[2]。其他副作用包括可能尿潴留和青光眼^[3]。许多孕妇用过此药，没证据显示它对婴儿有害^[5]。母乳喂养时低剂量服用可能安全^[5]。茶苯海明是第一代抗组织胺类药物（英语：H1 antagonist）^[3]。主要透过苯海拉明阻断乙酰胆碱^[2]。 8-氯茶碱可能会减少嗜睡的副作用^[3]。

茶苯海明至自 1947 年由G.D.希尔勒公司开发后就一直用于医疗上^[6] ^[7]。它是一种非处方药，也有学名药㳘通于市^[2]。高剂量使用时可能会产生快感，因此也被用于娱乐用途^[8] ^[9]。

参考文献

^ Scavone JM, Luna BG, Harmatz JS, von Moltke L, Greenblatt DJ. Diphenhydramine kinetics following intravenous, oral, and sublingual dimenhydrinate administration. Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition. April 1990, 11 (3): 185–189. PMID 2328304. doi:10.1002/bdd.2510110302.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Dimenhydrinate Monograph for Professionals. Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [10 September 2020]. （原始内容存档于18 October 2020）（英语）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Dimenhydrinate. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. January 16, 2017 [10 September 2020]. （原始内容存档于28 August 2021）.
^ Putra, Okky Dwichandra; Yoshida, Tomomi; Umeda, Daiki; Higashi, Kenjirou; Uekusa, Hidehiro; Yonemochi, Etsuo. Crystal Structure Determination of Dimenhydrinate after More than 60 Years: Solving Salt–Cocrystal Ambiguity via Solid-State Characterizations and Solubility Study. Crystal Growth & Design. 29 July 2016, 16 (9): 5223–5229. doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.6b00771.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Dimenhydrinate Use During Pregnancy. Drugs.com. [10 September 2020]. （原始内容存档于19 October 2020）（英语）.
^ Sneader, Walter. Drug Discovery: A History. John Wiley & Sons. : 405 [2020-09-10]. ISBN 978-0-471-89979-2. （原始内容存档于2021-08-28）（英语）.
^ Root, Walter S.; Hofmann, Frederick G. The Nervous System: Central Nervous System Drugs. Elsevier. : 311 [2020-09-10]. ISBN 978-1-4832-7583-3. （原始内容存档于2021-08-28）（英语）.
^ Hoffman, Robert S.; Howland, Mary Ann; Lewin, Neal A.; Nelson, Lewis S.; Goldfrank, Lewis R. Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, Tenth Edition (ebook). McGraw Hill Professional. 2014: 667 [2020-10-31]. ISBN 978-0-07-180185-0. （原始内容存档于2021-08-28）（英语）.
^ Gold, Jennifer. ConsumerMedSafety.org - Prevent Medication Errors - Consumer Med Safety. consumermedsafety.org. [10 September 2020]. （原始内容存档于21 January 2021）（英国英语）.

外部链接

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[oral_sublingual2328304-1] Scavone JM, Luna BG, Harmatz JS, von Moltke L, Greenblatt DJ. Diphenhydramine kinetics following intravenous, oral, and sublingual dimenhydrinate administration. Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition. April 1990, 11 (3): 185–189. PMID 2328304. doi:10.1002/bdd.2510110302.

[AHFS2020-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Dimenhydrinate Monograph for Professionals. Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [10 September 2020]. （原始内容存档于18 October 2020）（英语）.

[Liver2017-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Dimenhydrinate. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. January 16, 2017 [10 September 2020]. （原始内容存档于28 August 2021）.

[4] Putra, Okky Dwichandra; Yoshida, Tomomi; Umeda, Daiki; Higashi, Kenjirou; Uekusa, Hidehiro; Yonemochi, Etsuo. Crystal Structure Determination of Dimenhydrinate after More than 60 Years: Solving Salt–Cocrystal Ambiguity via Solid-State Characterizations and Solubility Study. Crystal Growth & Design. 29 July 2016, 16 (9): 5223–5229. doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.6b00771.

[Preg2020-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Dimenhydrinate Use During Pregnancy. Drugs.com. [10 September 2020]. （原始内容存档于19 October 2020）（英语）.

[6] Sneader, Walter. Drug Discovery: A History. John Wiley & Sons. : 405 [2020-09-10]. ISBN 978-0-471-89979-2. （原始内容存档于2021-08-28）（英语）.

[7] Root, Walter S.; Hofmann, Frederick G. The Nervous System: Central Nervous System Drugs. Elsevier. : 311 [2020-09-10]. ISBN 978-1-4832-7583-3. （原始内容存档于2021-08-28）（英语）.

[8] Hoffman, Robert S.; Howland, Mary Ann; Lewin, Neal A.; Nelson, Lewis S.; Goldfrank, Lewis R. Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, Tenth Edition (ebook). McGraw Hill Professional. 2014: 667 [2020-10-31]. ISBN 978-0-07-180185-0. （原始内容存档于2021-08-28）（英语）.

[9] Gold, Jennifer. ConsumerMedSafety.org - Prevent Medication Errors - Consumer Med Safety. consumermedsafety.org. [10 September 2020]. （原始内容存档于21 January 2021）（英国英语）.

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