用戶:YHLelis/沙盒
Astigmatism | |
---|---|
Blur from astigmatic lens at different distances | |
分類和外部資源 | |
醫學專科 | Ophthalmology |
ICD-10 | H52.2 |
ICD-9-CM | 367.2 |
OMIM | 603047 |
DiseasesDB | 29648 |
MedlinePlus | 001015 |
MeSH | D001251 |
Astigmatism is a type of refractive error in which the eye does not focus light evenly on the retina.[1] This results in distorted or blurred vision at all distances. Other symptoms can include eyestrain, headaches, and trouble diving at night.[1] If it occurs early in life it can result in amblyopia.[2]
散光(又稱亂視,散光眼,Astigmatism)散光是眼睛的屈光不正常的一種徵狀,與投射在視網膜上的光線是否平均有關[1]。常見的徵狀有視線扭曲變形或視線模糊。散光患者看東西時會較難細微地看清景物。一般情況下,散光並不會獨自出現,患者的眼睛通常都會伴有近視或遠視。其他的徵狀包含眼睛容易疲勞,頭痛,且「無法從事夜間潛水」[1]。若在幼年時即患有此症,會導致眼睛弱視[2]。
The cause of astigmatism is unclear.[3] It is believed to be partly related to genetic factors.[4] The underlying mechanism involves an irregular curvature of the cornea or abnormalities in the lens of the eye.[1][3] Diagnosis is by an eye exam.[1]
目前散光的確切發生原因仍不清楚,部分專家認為與基因有關.散光的發生機制與角膜或水晶體的異常屈光度。規則散光多數是由於角膜先天性異態變化所致,還可能存在晶狀體散光。也有些後天引起的散光,比如眼瞼長針眼或粟粒腫,長期用眼姿勢不良(如經常眯眼、揉眼、躺着看書等等),這樣眼皮壓迫角膜也會使角膜弧度改變,發生散光並使散光度數增加,另外,一些眼科手術如白內障及角膜手術也可能改變散光的度數及軸度。 不規則散光主要由於角膜屈光面凹凸不平所致,如角膜潰瘍、瘢痕、圓錐角膜、翼狀胬肉等。此症通常需要經過眼科檢查才能確診。
Three options exist for the treatment: glasses, contact lenses, and surgery. Glasses are the simplest. Contact lenses can provide a wider field of vision. Refractive surgery permanently changes the shape of the eye.[1]
目前常見三種治療方式為配戴眼鏡,隱形眼鏡和進行矯正手術。配戴眼鏡是最簡單的治療方式,配戴隱形眼鏡則可以提供較為寬廣的視野。若進行矯正手術則會永久地改變眼球形狀。
預防方法:
1. 最好3~4歲時做第一次全眼部檢查,以後毎年定期眼部檢查1~2次。指導幼童養成良好的衛生習慣,不隨便用手或其化物品接觸眼睛,以避免傳染眼疾。看書時光線要充足,光線最好來自左後方;看書姿勢要正確,並且保持在30公分至40公分之間的距離。
2. 選擇讀物時字體要清晰,不可太小。
3. 看電視須距離電視畫面對角線的5~7倍。連續看書不超過一小時。需配眼鏡者,應由醫生或眼科視光師檢查後配鏡。
In Europe and Asia astigmatism affects between 30 and 60% of adults.[4] People of all ages can be affected.[1] Astigmatism was first reported by Thomas Young in the early 1800s.[3]
各年齡層的人都有可能患有此症。在亞洲和歐洲約有30-60%的成人都受到散光的困擾。此症是由Thomas Young於1800年初期所發表確認。
References
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Facts About Astigmatism. NEI. October 2010 [29 September 2016].
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Harvey, EM. Development and treatment of astigmatism-related amblyopia.. Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry. June 2009, 86 (6): 634–9. PMID 19430327.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Read, SA; Collins, MJ; Carney, LG. A review of astigmatism and its possible genesis.. Clinical & experimental optometry. January 2007, 90 (1): 5–19. PMID 17177660.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Mozayan, E; Lee, JK. Update on astigmatism management.. Current opinion in ophthalmology. July 2014, 25 (4): 286–90. PMID 24837578.