1950年–2010年全球鲱鱼总捕获量 单位为百万吨[1]
鲱鱼 是大部分鲱科 鱼的通称 。它们多在暗沙 或岸边联群游弋。其中,最常见,而且具高商业价值的鲱鱼有3种,皆属于鲱属 ,其捕获量占了鲱鱼总捕获量约90%。其中,三种鲱属鱼中捕获量最多的为大西洋鲱 ,占比过半。这三种鱼一般在北太平洋 、北大西洋 、波罗的海 和南美洲 西岸的浅水温带区出没。此外,也有一些被称作鲱鱼的鱼类在阿拉伯海 、印度洋 和孟加拉湾 一带出没。
历史上,鲱鱼在欧洲渔业扮演了举足轻重的角色,[2] 对此鱼的研究在二十世纪早期为渔业学 提供了长足进步的基础。[3] 此外,它们曾长年为重要的食用鱼,常以熏 、腌 处理保存。
不少物种皆被归类为鲱鱼,其中大部份皆属于鲱科 。鲱鱼的英文名称herring 的词源并不明确,可能源于古高地德语 的heri ,有众多、大群体之意。[4]
鲱科的模式属为鲱属 。[5] 鲱属共有三种,包括在北太平洋出没的模式种 大西洋鲱 、在北太平洋出没的太平洋鲱 以及智利沿岸出没的贝氏智利鲱 。
除此之外,也有不少鱼类被国际自然保护联盟 视为鲱鱼,收录于世界鱼类数据库 ,现表列如下:
其馀鲱鱼
种类
俗名
学名
最长记录
一般长度
最重可达
最高寿命
营养级
世界鱼类数据库
联合国粮食及农业组织
整合分类学资讯系统
保护级别
淡水鲱
窄体似鲱
Clupeoides papuensis (Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)
cm
cm
kg
years
[15]
[16]
数据缺乏 [17]
圆腹鲱科
印尼少棱圆鲱
Dayella malabarica (Day, 1873)
cm
cm
kg
years
[18]
[19]
Least concern [20]
宽带任氏鲱
Jenkinsia lamprotaenia (Gosse, 1851)
cm
cm
kg
years
[21]
[22]
Least concern [23]
南非吉氏鲱
Gilchristella aestuaria (Gilchrist, 1913
cm
cm
kg
years
[24]
[25]
Least concern [26]
小眼任氏鲱
Jenkinsia majua Whitehead, 1963
cm
cm
kg
years
[27]
[28]
Least concern [29]
沙丁脂眼鲱
Etrumeus teres (De Kay, 1842)
33 cm
25 cm
kg
years
[30]
[31]
[32]
未予评估
双鳍似黍鲱
Spratellomorpha bianalis (Bertin, 1940)
4.5 cm
cm
kg
years
3.11
[33]
[34]
Data deficient [35]
怀氏脂眼鲱
Etrumeus whiteheadi (Wongratana, 1983)
20 cm
cm
kg
years
3.4
[36]
[37]
[38]
Least concern [39]
短带任氏鲱
Jenkinsia parvula Cervigón and Velasquez, 1978
cm
cm
kg
years
[40]
[41]
Vulnerable [42]
后丝鲱属
加拉帕戈斯后丝鲱
Opisthonema berlangai (Günther, 1867)
26 cm
18 cm
kg
years
3.27
[43]
[44]
易危 [45]
少耙后丝鲱
Opisthonema medirastre Berry & Barrett, 1963
cm
cm
kg
years
[46]
[47]
无危 [48]
太平洋后丝鲱
Opisthonema libertate (Günther, 1867)
30 cm
22 cm
kg
years
[49]
[50]
[44]
无危 [51]
蒲氏后丝鲱
Opisthonema bulleri (Regan, 1904)
cm
cm
kg
years
[52]
[53]
无危 [54]
其他
黑带侧带鲱
Lile nigrofasciata Castro-Aguirre Ruiz-Campos and Balart, 2002
cm
cm
kg
years
[55]
[56]
无危 [57]
齿头鲱
Denticeps clupeoides Clausen, 1959
cm
cm
kg
years
[58]
[59]
Vulnerable [60]
勃氏犬齿鳓
Chirocentrodon bleekerianus (Poey, 1867)
cm
cm
kg
years
[61]
[62]
Least concern [63]
细侧带鲱
Lile gracilis Castro-Aguirre and Vivero, 1990
cm
cm
kg
years
[64]
[65]
Least concern [66]
太平洋青鳞鱼
Harengula thrissina (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882)
cm
cm
kg
years
[67]
[68]
Least concern [69]
小细鲱
Thrattidion noctivagus Roberts, 1972
cm
cm
kg
years
[70]
[71]
Least concern [72]
日本银带鲱
Spratelloides gracilis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
10.5 cm
cm
kg
years
3.0
[73]
[74]
Not assessed
太平洋侧带鲱
Lile stolifera (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)
cm
cm
kg
years
[75]
[76]
Least concern [77]
西拉棱鲱
Sierrathrissa leonensis Thys van den Audenaerde, 1969
cm
cm
kg
years
[78]
[79]
Least concern [80]
^ Based on data sourced from the relevant FAO Species Fact Sheets (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 )
^ Cushing, David H (1975) Marine ecology and fisheries (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 ) Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-09911-0 .
^ Went, AEJ (1972) "The History of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh . Section B. Biology, 73 : 351–360.doi :10.1017/S0080455X0000240X
^ Herring (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 ) Online Etymology Dictionary , Retrieved 10 April 2012.
^ Pauly, Daniel (2004) Darwin's Fishes: An Encyclopedia of Ichthyology, Ecology, and Evolution (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 ) Page 109, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-82777-5 .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Clupea bentincki . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Clupea bentincki (Norman, 1936) (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 ) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.
^ Clupea bentincki . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ 9.0 9.1 Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Clupea harengus . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Clupea harengus (Linnaeus, 1758) (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 ) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.
^ Clupea harengus . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Herdson D & Priede I. Clupea harengus . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011 . [6 April 2012] .
^ Clupea pallasii (Valenciennes, 1847) (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 ) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.
^ Clupea pallasii . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Clupeoides papuensis . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Clupeoides papuensis . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Clupeoides papuensis . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010 . [April 2012] .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Dayella malabarica . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Dayella malabarica . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Ali A & Raghavan R. Dayella malabarica . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011 . [April 2012] .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Jenkinsia lamprotaenia . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Jenkinsia lamprotaenia . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Cotto A, Medina E & Bernal O. Jenkinsia lamprotaenia . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010 . [April 2012] .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Gilchristella aestuaria . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Gilchristella aestuaria . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Gilchristella aestuaria . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007 . [April 2012] .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Jenkinsia majua . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Jenkinsia majua . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Munroe TA & Priede IG. Jenkinsia majua . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010 . [April 2012] .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Etrumeus teres . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Etrumeus teres (Norman, 1936) (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 ) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.
^ Etrumeus teres . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Spratellomorpha bianalis . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Spratellomorpha bianalis . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Spratellomorpha bianalis . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011 . [April 2012] .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Etrumeus whiteheadi . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Etrumeus whiteheadi (Wongratana, 1983) (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 ) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.
^ Etrumeus whiteheadi . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Heemstra PC, Munroe TA & Priede IG. Etrumeus whiteheadi . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011 . [April 2012] .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Jenkinsia parvula . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Jenkinsia parvula . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Cotto A, Medina E & Bernal O. Jenkinsia parvula . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010 . [April 2012] .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Opisthonema berlangai . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ 44.0 44.1 Opisthonema libertate . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Iwamoto T & Eschmeyer W. Opisthonema berlangai . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010 . [April 2012] .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Opisthonema medirastre . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Opisthonema medirastre . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Cotto A, Medina E & Bernal O. Opisthonema medirastre . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010 . [April 2012] .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Opisthonema libertate . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Opisthonema libertate (Günther, 1867) (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 ) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.
^ Cotto A, Medina E & Bernal O. Opisthonema libertate . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010 . [April 2012] .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Opisthonema bulleri . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Opisthonema bulleri . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Cotto A, Medina E & Bernal O. Opisthonema bulleri . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010 . [April 2012] .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Lile nigrofasciata . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Lile nigrofasciata . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Iwamoto T & Eschmeyer W. Lile nigrofasciata . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010 . [April 2012] .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Denticeps clupeoides . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Denticeps clupeoides . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Lalèyè P, Moelants T & Olaosebikan BD. Denticeps clupeoides . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010 . [April 2012] .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Chirocentrodon bleekerianus . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Chirocentrodon bleekerianus . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Chirocentrodon bleekerianus . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010 . [April 2012] .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Lile gracilis . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Lile gracilis . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Iwamoto T, Eschmeyer W & Smith-Vaniz B. Lile gracilis . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010 . [April 2012] .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Harengula thrissina . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Harengula thrissina . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Iwamoto T, Eschmeyer W & Smith-Vaniz B. Harengula thrissina . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010 . [April 2012] .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Thrattidion noctivagus . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Thrattidion noctivagus . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Thrattidion noctivagus . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010 . [April 2012] .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Spratelloides gracilis . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Spratelloides gracilis . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Lile stolifera . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Lile stolifera . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Iwamoto T & Eschmeyer W. Lile stolifera . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010 . [April 2012] .
^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2012). Sierrathrissa leonensis . FishBase . Version 2012-04.
^ Sierrathrissa leonensis . ITIS . [April 2012] .
^ Moelants T & Olaosebikan BD. Sierrathrissa leonensis . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010 . [April 2012] .
外部链接 [ 编辑 ]
Template:herrings