匈牙利占领下的南斯拉夫

匈牙利占领下的南斯拉夫是指第二次世界大战期间，匈牙利王国占领下的南斯拉夫。当时匈牙利王国参与了轴心国对南斯拉夫王国的入侵，而且占领并吞并了巴奇卡、巴兰尼亚、梅吉穆列县以及普雷克穆列地区。

这些地区在1920年之前都是匈牙利领土，第一次世界大战后签订的《特里亚农条约》规定匈牙利要将这些地区全部移交给南斯拉夫。今日，前南斯拉夫的巴奇卡地区属于塞尔维亚的伏伊伏丁那；前南斯拉夫的巴兰尼亚和梅吉穆列属于克罗地亚；前南斯拉夫的普雷克穆列属于斯洛文尼亚。

占领行动始于1941年4月11日，8万匈牙利部队穿越南斯拉夫国境线，支援以德军为首的轴心国侵略军（轴心国阵营发动的南斯拉夫战役始于5天前）。在此期间，塞族非正规武装切特尼克曾抵抗过匈军，但南斯拉夫皇家军队在当时已经崩盘了。当地的南斯拉夫德意志人已经组建了民兵组织，将大约9万名南斯拉夫官兵缴械，由此间接援助了匈军。尽管只遭遇了零星抵抗，但匈军还是在最初的行动中杀戮了大量平民，其中还包括一些德裔少数民族。轴心国傀儡政权克罗埃西亚独立国在成立后便同意匈牙利吞并梅吉穆列地区，此举令当地的克罗地亚人口大为惊愕。

匈牙利占领当局马上将巴奇卡和巴兰尼亚的人口分为两类，一是在1920年匈牙利失去上述地区之前就已定居的居民，二是在上述地区在被划给南斯拉夫后才迁入的定居者（大部分都是塞尔维亚人）。匈方开始将上千名当地塞族人赶入集中营，还将他们驱逐至克罗地亚独立国、蒙特内哥罗军政府控制下的领土以及塞尔维亚军事指挥官区境内。最终，上万名塞族人被匈方驱逐出了新近吞并的领土。之后，匈方开始对占领区实施马扎尔化政策，改变当地的政治、社会以及经济生活，其中就包括将一些匈牙利人和塞凯伊人迁过来定居。马扎尔化并未影响到德意志裔人，他们在匈牙利的统治下拥有特殊地位，在普雷克穆列地区，匈方对当地的斯洛文尼亚人相对宽容一些。

1941年下半年，匈牙利占领下的南斯拉夫开始出现小规模武装抵抗，匈方对此采取严酷手段，包括草率处决、驱逐以及监禁。抵抗运动主要集中在沙伊卡什卡地区的南巴奇卡的塞族聚居区，匈军后来在这里展开了报复。1941年12月，匈牙利将南斯拉夫被占领土被正式并入匈牙利国土。1942年1月，匈军在新国土上展开突袭，杀害了逾3300人，其中大部分是塞族人和犹太人。

1944年3月，匈牙利意识到轴心国阵营即将战败，于是开始与同盟国阵营谈判；接着，德方发动玛格丽特行动，将匈牙利连同其吞并的领土一并占领。后来，德方将曾经被匈方吞并，如今被己方占领的领土上残余的犹太人全部送进灭绝营，导致被占领的前南斯拉夫王国领土上85%的犹太人死亡。随著苏联红军的反攻，德方在撤出巴尔干之前将巴奇卡和巴兰尼亚的6000-70000名德意志裔人疏散至奥地利。1944年末，红军将德国人赶出了巴奇卡和巴兰尼亚地区，两地重归南斯拉夫控制。梅吉穆列和普雷克穆列两地区则一直被德方占领，直到战争的最后几周为止。

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期刊

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网站

• Hungarian president apologizes for crimes. B92. 26 June 2013 [28 November 2020].