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細胞外RNA

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細胞外RNA(Extracellular RNA,簡稱exRNA)又稱胞外RNA,泛指位於細胞外的RNA,包括環境中的RNA,以及多細胞生物組織間或體液(消化液、毒液、血液、尿液、精液、尿液等)中的RNA[1][2][3][4][5][6],已知原核生物與真核生物皆可釋放RNA到細胞外。胞外RNA的具體功能仍不清楚,但可能與個體或細胞間的訊息傳遞有關[7][8]

細胞外RNA通常位於外排體細胞外囊泡英语Extracellular vesicles中,或是與蛋白質結合,以避免被核糖核酸酶降解。mRNAtRNAmiRNAsiRNAlnRNA皆有在細胞外被發現,而rRNA雖為細胞中最多的RNA,但很少出現在細胞外[9][10]。有些胞外RNA可作為癌症糖尿病關節炎普利昂疾病生物標記[11][12]美國國家衛生院發起了细胞外RNA通讯联盟(Extracellular RNA Communication Consortium,簡稱ERCC)的計畫以促進此領域的研究[13][14]

參考文獻

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