雙帶鰺
雙帶鰺 | |
---|---|
科學分類 | |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 脊索動物門 Chordata |
綱: | 條鰭魚綱 Actinopteri |
目: | 鰺形目 Carangiformes |
科: | 鰺科 Carangidae |
屬: | 紡綞鰤屬 Elagatis |
種: | 雙帶鰺 E. bipinnulata
|
二名法 | |
Elagatis bipinnulata | |
異名 | |
|
雙帶鰺(學名:Elagatis bipinnulata),中國大陸俗名纺缍𫚕[2],俗名西班牙鰺、虹鰤、夏威夷鮭,為鰺科魚類,廣泛分布於全球熱帶水域。該魚形如紡綞,有兩道橫貫全身的窄帶,背鰭與臀鰭低矮。該魚多棲息於海水中上層,主要以小魚為食,會進行長距離洄游。其成魚的天敵主要為海豚,而幼魚則會面臨諸多大型魚類的捕食。該魚可食用,亦是頗受歡迎的游釣魚。
物種命名
[編輯]雙帶鰺於1825年由法國博物學家讓·勒內·康斯特·蓋伊和約瑟夫·保羅·蓋瑪德正式描述,正模標本產自印度洋馬來群島海域[3]。彼時命名人認為此種魚應屬於鰤屬,故將其命名為Seriola bipinnulata。1831年,美國博物學家路易·阿加西將其拆至新屬Micropteryx[4],但由於此屬名已被用於小翅蛾屬故未能得到接受[5]。至1840年,英國生物學家弗雷德里克·德貝爾·本內特在他的捕鯨航海日誌中將雙帶鰺劃入新創建的雙帶鰺屬Elagatis,此分類維持至今[6]。該屬名源自希臘語中的「紡綞」一詞[7]。本內特同時還將該種魚的種加詞改為「bipinnulatus」,但由於該詞與屬名的性不同並未得到採納[8]。
物種分類
[編輯]雙帶鰺為單型種。形態與分子證據均認為雙帶鰺與鰤屬魚類關係密切,二者互為姐妹群[9]。
外貌描述
[編輯]雙帶鰺頭部長而尖,尾鰭根部狹窄,形如紡錘[10]。雙帶鰺背部為深橄欖色至深綠色,向下逐漸變淺,最終在腹部變成純白色。該魚有兩道水平貫穿全身的淺藍色窄帶,這兩道色帶之間為橄欖色至黃色[11]。該魚有背鰭兩片,第一片一般有6根硬棘,第二片則有1根硬棘和25—30根軟鰭條,其中最後2根軟鰭條特化成獨立的小鰭。約有4%的雙帶鰺孵化時缺少一根硬棘[12] 。其臀鰭有2根硬棘和18—22根軟條,其中最靠前的1根硬棘和最後方的2根軟條亦特化成獨立的小鰭[13]。雙帶鰺的背鰭與臀鰭相當低矮,且前者遠大於後者。該魚胸鰭相比其他鰺科魚類而言較小,大約與腹鰭等大,且不呈鐮刀型,共有軟條20根。其腹鰭有1根硬棘和5根分叉的軟條。雙帶鰺尾深叉,有上9下8共17根軟條[12]。 雙帶鰺側線前端略呈拱形,無盾鱗,其上共有約100枚鱗片[14]。該魚共有脊椎骨24節[13]。
雙帶鰺的最大體長目前尚有爭議:大部分資料都認為該魚最大體長在107—120公分之間[10][14][13],但古巴科學院稱雙帶鰺可長到180公分[15]。目前雙帶鰺最重的實測記錄為17公斤[16]。
分布
[編輯]雙帶鰺廣泛分布於全世界的熱帶水域以及部分亞熱帶水域[14]:在西大西洋,該魚的分布範圍北至美國麻薩諸塞州,南至巴西東北部,包括墨西哥灣以及巴哈馬群島、百慕達、大安的列斯群島、小安的列斯群島等島礁水域[13],向東可達馬卡羅尼西亞[17][18];該魚在太平洋亦有相當廣泛的分布,但在印度洋安得拉邦近海卻相對罕見[19]。雙帶鰺在地中海偶有出沒,但無穩定種群。這些個體可能源自馬卡羅尼西亞的種群,或是通過雷賽布遷移自蘇伊士運河進入地中海[17][20]。此外,雙帶鰺亦分佈於臺灣、南海諸島、澎湖群島等海域與廣東省沿岸[21]。
生態與習性
[編輯]雙帶鰺會進行長距離洄游。與金槍魚等其他洄游性魚類一樣,雙帶鰺肌肉組織中二十二碳六烯酸含量異常高,這可能是由於該魚一般不在肌肉中儲存脂肪[22]。其在洄游時常跟隨大團的馬尾藻[23]。
棲息地
[編輯]雙帶鰺主要棲息於海洋中上層,深度一般不會超過164公尺[24]。該魚有時會出沒於開闊水域,但更常見於岩礁和珊瑚礁上方[19],且可能在大陸架邊緣形成龐大的魚群[25]。雙帶鰺的魚苗可能會進入河口灣以躲避天敵[26]。此外,該魚常跟隨漂浮物活動[27]。
食性
[編輯]雙帶鰺為追擊捕食者,其主要獵物為小型魚類,也會捕食頭足類、甲殼類以及海黽[28][29]。西太平洋水域的個體最常取食細鱗圓鰺[30],加勒比海和中大西洋水域的個體分別偏好寬帶任氏鯡[31]和黑鰭飛魚[32],而幾內亞灣的個體則主要捕食短體小沙丁魚和對蝦[33]。此外,該魚有時會與其他掠食性魚類一同捕食成群的獵物[34]
天敵
[編輯]砂拉越海豚會捕食成年的雙帶鰺[35]。雙帶鰺的魚苗則是諸多大型魚類的獵物,包括鐮狀真鯊、黃鰭金槍魚、西福氏石斑魚、條斑鱗鮨、黃敏尾笛鯛、喬氏笛鯛、長鰭鰤、闊步鰺、帶紋普提魚和海鱔[34]。
生命周期
[編輯]不同水域的雙帶鰺繁殖季節略有不同,古巴水域的個體在每年春季至早秋繁殖[36],而在水溫高於27℃水域的個體則全年均可繁殖,但仍存在一定季節性,如西太平洋水域的個體主要在5月和12月至次年1月繁殖[30]。該魚一般會洄游至赤道附近水域繁殖[37]。繁殖時,雙帶鰺會將精子和卵子灑在海水中令其受精[38]。雙帶鰺的魚苗隨後會借洋流洄游至沿岸地區[37]。雌性雙帶鰺大約在體長65公分時性成熟[30],而雄性雙帶鰺的性成熟體長則由於其性腺發育情況複雜而難以得出定論[39]。
與人類的關係
[編輯]作為食用魚
[編輯]雙帶鰺可食用[10]。密克羅尼西亞卡平阿馬朗伊環礁和努庫奧羅環礁的島民早在3000年前就已開始通過魚叉和圍網捕捉雙帶鰺,但由於其捕撈難度極大該魚並非當地人的主要漁獲。即便如此,該魚仍在當地文化中有重要地位,許多民謠和傳說均以捕捉雙帶鰺為主題[40]。針對雙帶鰺的商業捕撈稀少,但捕撈金槍魚或鯊魚的漁船常意外捕獲此魚[41]。菲律賓、哥倫比亞等國也有針對雙帶鰺的小規模捕撈作業[1][42]。捕得的雙帶鰺一般直接出售,也可製成醃魚以及凍魚[10]。雙帶鰺肉為淡粉色,肉質硬而油膩[43]。維京群島曾有一例因食用此魚導致西加魚毒中毒的病例[10]。
作為游釣魚
[編輯]雙帶鰺可作游釣魚,在美國西海岸近海頗受歡迎[44]。小魚、魷魚、章魚或切片魚肉均可作為魚餌[45],而潛餌、浮餌和飛蠅餌等各種路亞也有效[46]。雙帶鰺本身亦可作為垂釣旗魚或是金槍魚的餌料[47]。
種群現狀
[編輯]目前雙帶鰺種群龐大,在許多熱帶水域均極為常見,加之缺少大規模的商業捕撈,該魚所面臨的風險極低,IUCN將其評為無危[1]。
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Smith-Vaniz, W.F.; Williams, J.T.; Pina Amargos, F.; Curtis, M.; Brown, J. Elagatis bipinnulata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015, 2015: e.T16440027A16510157 [2021-11-19]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T16440027A16510157.en .
- ^ Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825). 臺灣魚類資料庫. [2024-10-11].
- ^ Hosese, D.F.; Bray, D.J.; Paxton, J.R.; Alen, G.R. Zoological Catalogue of Australia Vol. 35 (2) Fishes. Sydney: CSIRO. 2007: 1150. ISBN 978-0-643-09334-8.
- ^ Micropteryx. WoRMS. [2024-07-04]. (原始內容存檔於2023-05-27).
- ^ Gray, John Edward. List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collection of the British Museum: Part VII - Lepidoptera. London: British Museum of Natural History. 1852: 24–25.
- ^ Meek, Seth E.; Bollman, Charles H. Note on Elagatis bipinnulatus. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (Academy of Natural Sciences). 1889, 41: 42–44.
- ^ Elagatis biinnulata, Rainbow runner. Fishbase. [2024-07-22]. (原始內容存檔於2024-07-26).
- ^ Lin, Pai-Lei; Shao, Kwang-Tsao. A Review of the Carangid Fishes (Family Carangidae) From Taiwan with Descriptions of Four New Records. Zoological Studies. May 19, 1999, 38 (1): 33–68 [2007-11-15]. (原始內容存檔於2012-02-29).
- ^ Reed, David L.; Carpenter, Kent E.; deGravelle, Martin J. Molecular systematics of the Jacks (Perciformes: Carangidae) based on mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences using parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian approaches. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2002, 23 (3): 513–524. Bibcode:2002MolPE..23..513R. PMID 12099802. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00036-2.
- ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Carpenter, Kent E. Niem, Volker H. , 編. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae) (PDF). Rome: FAO. 2001: 2684. ISBN 978-92-5-104587-9.
- ^ Randall, John E. Coastal Fishes of Oman. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 1995: 183. ISBN 978-0-8248-1808-1.
- ^ 12.0 12.1 Berry, Frederick H. Elagatis bipinnulata (Pisces: Carangidae): Morphology of the Fins and Other Characters. Copeia. 1969, 1969 (3): 454–463. JSTOR 1441924. doi:10.2307/1441924.
- ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 McEachran, John D.; Fechhelm, Janice D. Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico: Myxiniformes to Gasterosteiformes. Austin: University of Texas Press. 1998: 285. ISBN 978-0-292-75206-1.
- ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Gunn, John S. A revision of selected genera of the family Carangidae (Pisces) from Australian waters. Records of the Australian Museum Supplement. 1990, 12: 1–78. doi:10.3853/j.0812-7387.12.1990.92 .
- ^ Claro, R. R. Claro - Ecología de los peces marinos de Cuba , 編. Características generales de la ictiofauna. Instituto de Oceanología Academia de Ciencias de Cuba and Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo. 1994.
- ^ Runner, rainbow. IGFA.
- ^ 17.0 17.1 Wirtz, Peter. New fishes from the Canary Islands. DATZ. 1996, 49 (2): 78–80.
- ^ Azevedo, Jose Manuel; Heemstra, Phillip C. New records of marine fishes from the Azores. Arquipélago – Life and Marine Sciences. 1995, 13A: 1–10.
- ^ 19.0 19.1 Burayya, N.; Suryanarayana, Y.V.S. On the rare occurrence of Elagatis bipinnulata off Kakinada coast. Indian Council of Agricultural Research Marine Fisheries Information Service Technical and Extension Series. 1998, 156: 21–22.
- ^ Tortonese, Enrico. The Main Biogeographical Features and Problems of the Mediterranean Fish Fauna. Copeia. 1964, 1964 (1): 98–107. JSTOR 1440837. doi:10.2307/1440837.
- ^ 中國科學院動物研究所. 纺缍𫚕. 《中國動物物種編目資料庫》. 中國科學院微生物研究所. [2009-04-16]. (原始內容存檔於2016-03-05).
- ^ Saito, H.; Yamashiro, R.; Ishihara, K; Xue, C. Lipids of three highly migratory fishes: Euthynnus affinis, Sarda orientalis, and Elagatis bipinnulata. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 1999, 63 (11): 2028–2030. doi:10.1271/bbb.63.2028 .
- ^ Moser, Mary L.; Auster, Peter J.; Bichy, John B. Effects of mat morphology on large Sargassum-associated fishes: observations from a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and free-floating video camcorders. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 1998, 51 (4): 378–1909. Bibcode:1998EnvBF..51..391M. S2CID 25225466. doi:10.1023/A:1007493412854.
- ^ Schwartz, Frank J. Biological features of five poorly known carangid fishes frequenting inland and ocean waters of North Carolina. Journal of the North Carolina Academy of Science. 2004, 120 (3): 99–105.
- ^ Yesaki, M, Rainbow Runner: A Latent Oceanic Resource? (PDF), 1979 [2024-07-11], (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2024-07-17)
- ^ Tzeng, Wann-Nian; Wang, Yu-Tzu. Structure, composition and seasonal dynamics of the larval and juvenile fish community in the mangrove estuary of Tanshui River, Taiwan (PDF). Marine Biology. 1992, 113 (3): 481–490 [2024-07-10]. Bibcode:1992MarBi.113..481T. S2CID 86626781. doi:10.1007/BF00349175. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2024-07-10).
- ^ Forget, F; Cowley, P.D; Capello, M; Filmalter, J.D; Dagorn, L. Drifting along in the open-ocean: The associative behaviour of oceanic triggerfish and rainbow runner with floating objects. Marine Environmental Research. 2020, 161: 104994–104994.
- ^ Hiatt, Robert W.; Strasburg, Donald W. Ecological Relationships of the Fish Fauna on Coral Reefs of the Marshall Islands. Ecological Monographs. 1960, 30 (1): 65–127. Bibcode:1960EcoM...30...65H. JSTOR 1942181. doi:10.2307/1942181.
- ^ Senta, T.; Kimura, M.; Kanbara, T. Predation of fishes on open-ocean species of sea-skaters (Halobates spp.). Japanese Journal of Ichthyology. 1993, 40 (2): 193–198.
- ^ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Iwasaki, Yukinobo. Maturity and feeding habits of rainbow-runner, Elagatis bipinnulatus, in the western Pacific Ocean. Journal of the School of Marine Science and Technology Tokai University. 1998, 46: 33–40.
- ^ García Rami, C.B; Posada, C. First approach to the trophic ecology and diet of the rainbow runner, Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) (Pisces: Carangidae), in the central Colombian Caribbean. Acta Biológica Colombiana. 2014, 19 (2): 309–314.
- ^ Vaske Júnior, T; Hazin. F.H.V; Lessa, R.P. Pesca e hábitosalimentares do peixe-rei, Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy &Gaimard, 1825) (Pisces: Carangidae) no arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo, Brasil. Arquivo De Ciências Do Mar Fortaleza. 2006, 39 (1): 61–65.
- ^ Florentine, A.N; Constance, D.N; Justin, A.M; Paul, A.K.J; Abekan, E; Marie, G.A. Diet of Elagatis bipinnulata (Guoy & Gaimard, 1824) in Côte d’Ivoire (Gulf of Guinea). European Scientific Journal. 2019, 15: 131–142.
- ^ 34.0 34.1 Auster, P; Sánchez-Jiménez, A; Rodríguez-Arrieta, J.A; Quesada, A.J; Pérez, C; Naranjo-Elizondo, B; Blum, S; Cortés, J. Facilitative behavioral interactions between deepwater piscivores at Isla del Coco National Park and Las Gemelas Seamount, Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical. 2016, 64 (Supp 1): 187–196.
- ^ Watkins, William A.; Daher, M.A.; Fristrup, K.; Notarbartolo Di Sciara, G. Fishing and Acoustic Behavior of Fraser's Dolphin (Lagenodelphis hosei) near Dominica, Southeast Caribbean. Caribbean Journal of Science. 1994, 30 (1–2): 76–82.
- ^ Gutirrez; Orozco, M.V. Distribution and Abundance of the Larvae of the Family Carangidae in Cuban Waters. Poeyana Instituto de Zoologia Academia de Ciencias de Cuba. 1986, 324: 1–27.
- ^ 37.0 37.1 Iwasaki, Y. Distribution and Size Composition of the Rainbow Runner, Elagatis Bipinnulata in the Western Pacific Ocean. Journal of the School of Marine Science and Technology Tokai University. 1991, 32: 137–145.
- ^ Richards, William. Early Stages Of Atlantic Fishes: An Identification Guide For The Western Central North Atlantic. CRC Press. 2006: 1474. ISBN 978-0-8493-1916-7.
- ^ Pinheiro, P.B; Hazin, F.H.V; Travassos, P; Oliveira, P.G.V; Carvalho, F; Rêgo, M G. The reproductive biology of the rainbow runner, Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) caught in the São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago.. Brazilian Journal of Biology. 2011-02, 71 (1): 99–106.
- ^ Leach, B.F.; J.M. Davidson. The Quest for Rainbow Runner Prehistoric Fishing on the Kapingamarangi and Nukuoro Atolls; Micronesia, Pacific Ocean. Micronesica. 1988, 21 (1–2): 1–22.
- ^ Carlson, John K.; Baremore, Ivy E. The Directed Shark Gillnet Fishery: Catch and Bycatch, 2003. Panama City: National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center. December 2003: 6.
- ^ Maypa, A.P; Russ, G.R; Alcala, A.C; Calumpong, H.P. Long-term trends in yield and catch rates of the coral reef fishery at Apo Island, central Philippines. Marine and Freshwater Research. 2002, 53: 207–213.
- ^ Loomis, S.H. The Great American Seafood Cookbook. Workman Pub. 1988: 267.
- ^ Ristori, Al. Complete Guide to Saltwater Fishing. Woods N' Water, Inc. 2002: 59. ISBN 978-0-9707493-5-2.
- ^ Sakamoto, Michael R. Pacific Shore Fishing. University of Hawaii Press. 1985: 229–230. ISBN 978-0-8248-0892-1.
- ^ Bannerot, Scott; Wendy Bannerot. The Cruiser's Handbook of Fishing. McGraw-Hill Professional. 2003: 6. ISBN 978-0-07-142788-3.
- ^ Starling, S. The Australian Fishing Book. Hong Kong: Bacragas Pty. Ltd. 1988: 490. ISBN 978-0-7301-0141-3.