黑尾长耳大野兔
黑尾长耳大野兔
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科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 纲： | 哺乳纲 Mammalia |
| 目： | 兔形目 Lagomorpha |
| 科： | 兔科 Leporidae |
| 属： | 兔属 Lepus |
| 种： | 黑尾长耳大野兔 L. californicus
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| 二名法 | |
| Lepus californicus J. E. Gray, 1837
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| 亚种 | |
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| 黑尾长耳大野兔的分布范围 | |
黑尾长耳大野兔（学名：Lepus californicus）又称黑尾杰克兔（英语：Black-tailed jackrabbit）[2]，是美国西部与墨西哥北部常见的一种野兔，体长约60公分，重1.4—2.7公斤；雌兔体型大于雄兔[3][4]。本种为北美原生分布最广的野兔，东至密苏里州，南至墨西哥下加利福尼亚与萨卡特卡斯州，现分布范围正往北美大平原东部扩张[5]，并已被人为引入美国东部多地[6][7]。黑尾长耳大野兔下已有17种亚种被描述，但此数目可能过多，有学者以外型特征将本种分为两大亚种，分别为洛矶山脉与科罗拉多河以西的L. c. californicus与以东的L. c. texianus[8]。
黑尾长耳大野兔分布的环境多样，包括草地、灌木丛、耕地、浓密常绿阔叶灌丛、帕卢斯、沙漠、落叶林与针叶林等[9][10][11]。本种不会迁徙，亦无冬眠行为[7][11]；以环境中的多种植物为食[12]，为多种猛禽[13][14]与野猫、野狗、郊狼、短尾猫、加拿大猞猁、赤狐、灰狐与美洲獾等多种掠食者的重要猎物[7][11][15]。人类捕猎本种的目的一般为避免庄稼被破坏或休闲之用，而非为食用[7]。
参见
[编辑]参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Brown, D.E.; Lorenzo, C.; Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T. Lepus californicus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41276A45186309 [12 March 2022]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T41276A45186309.en
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- ^ Liz Langley、魏靖仪. 「兔」和「野兔」有什麼差別？. 国家地理杂志. 2014-12-22.
- ^ Whitaker, John O. Jr.; Hamilton, William J. Jr. 1998. Mammals of the Eastern United States. Cornell University Press. 189-92. ISBN 0-8014-3475-0
- ^ Big Bend National Park Black-tailed Jackrabbit. US National Park Service.
- ^ Flux, J. E. C. Introduction to taxonomic problems in hares. Acta Zoologica Fennica. 1983, 174: 7–10.
- ^ Chapman, J. A.; Dixon, K. R.; Lopez-Forment, W.; Wilson, D. E. The New World jackrabbits and hares (genus Lepus).--1. Taxonomic history and population status. Acta Zoologica Fennica. 1983, 174: 49–51.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Dunn, John P.; Chapman, Joseph A.; Marsh, Rex E. (1982). "Jackrabbits: Lepus californicus and allies" in Chapman, J. A.; Feldhamer, G. A. (eds.) Wild mammals of North America: biology, management and economics. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-2353-6
- ^ Dixon, K. R.; et al. The New World jackrabbits and hares (genus Lepus).--2. Numerical taxonomic analysis. Acta Zoologica Fennica. 1983, 174: 53–56.
- ^ Johnson, Randal D.; Anderson, Jay E. Diets of black-tailed jack rabbits in relation to population density and vegetation. Journal of Range Management. 1984, 37 (1): 79–83. JSTOR 3898830. doi:10.2307/3898830. hdl:10150/645618 .
- ^ Bell, M. M.; Studinski, G. H. (1972). "Habitat manipulation and its relationship to avian and small rodent populations on the Descanso District of the Cleveland National Forest". U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT
- ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Giusti, Gregory A.; Schmidt, Robert H.; Timm, Robert M.; et al. (1992). "The lagomorphs: rabbits, hares, and pika". In: Silvicultural approaches to animal damage management in Pacific Northwest forests. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-287. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station: pp. 289–307. doi:10.2737/PNW-GTR-287
- ^ Anderson, Jay E.; Shumar, Mark L. Impacts of black-tailed jackrabbits at peak population densities on sagebrush vegetation. Journal of Range Management. 1986, 39 (2): 152–155. JSTOR 3899289. doi:10.2307/3899289. hdl:10150/645512 .
- ^ Grubb, Teryl G.; Kennedy, Charles E. (1982). "Bald eagle winter habitat on southwestern National Forests". Res. Pap. RM-237. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station
- ^ Janes, Stewart W. (1985). "Habitat selection in raptorial birds", pp. 159–188 in Cody, Martin L. (ed.) Habitat selection in birds. Academic Press Inc. ISBN 0323140130
- ^ Tiemeier, Otto W.; Plenert, Marvin L. A comparison of three methods for determining the age of black-tailed jackrabbits. Journal of Mammalogy. 1964, 45 (3): 409–416. JSTOR 1377413. doi:10.2307/1377413.
