艾司氯胺酮
外觀
臨床資料 | |
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商品名 | Spravato, Ketanest, Spravado, others |
其他名稱 | (S)-Ketamine; S(+)-Ketamine; JNJ-54135419 |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a619017 |
核准狀況 |
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懷孕分級 | |
成癮性 | 中等[4] |
給藥途徑 | 鼻腔給藥, 靜脈注射[5] |
藥物類別 | NMDA受體拮抗劑; 抗抑鬱藥; 全身麻醉藥; 解離劑; 鎮痛藥 |
ATC碼 | |
法律規範狀態 | |
法律規範 | |
藥物動力學數據 | |
生物利用度 | 鼻內: 30–50% |
生物半衰期 | 5 小時 |
識別資訊 | |
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CAS號 | 33643-46-8 33643-47-9 |
PubChem CID | |
IUPHAR/BPS | |
DrugBank |
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ChemSpider | |
UNII |
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KEGG | |
ChEBI |
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ChEMBL | |
PDB配體ID | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.242.065 |
化學資訊 | |
化學式 | C13H16ClNO |
摩爾質量 | 237.73 g·mol−1 |
3D模型(JSmol) | |
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艾司氯胺酮(INN:Esketamine)用於治療難治型抑鬱症或伴有急性自殺意念的抑鬱症[12] [13]。然而,似乎不如氯胺酮有效[14]。也可用在麻醉和止痛[15]。有鼻腔噴霧劑或靜脈注射劑等不同劑型[12] [15]。治療抑鬱症時,療效通常在 24 小時內顯現[12]。
常見副作用包括解離、頭暈、鎮靜、頭痛、焦慮、嘔吐和血壓升高[12]。其他副作用包括可能發生物質濫用[13]。該化合物是氯胺酮的S (+)對映異構體[16]。不建議哺乳期使用[17]。它是一種NMDA受體拮抗劑,能阻斷 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受體透過發揮作用[12]。
艾司氯胺酮於 1997 年在德國取得醫療使用許可[18] [19]。之後於 2019 年在美國和歐洲取得醫療使用許可[16] [20]。已有學名藥流通於市[21]。
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Spravato. Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 17 March 2021 [8 September 2021]. (原始內容存檔於9 September 2021).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 AusPAR: Esketamine hydrochloride. Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 24 May 2021 [8 September 2021]. (原始內容存檔於9 September 2021).
- ^ Updates to the Prescribing Medicines in Pregnancy database. Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 12 May 2022 [13 May 2022]. (原始內容存檔於3 April 2022).
- ^ Orsolini L, Salvi V, Volpe U. Craving and addictive potential of esketamine as side effects?. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety. June 2022, 21 (6): 803–812. PMID 35509224. doi:10.1080/14740338.2022.2071422.
- ^ Himmelseher S, Pfenninger E. [The clinical use of S-(+)-ketamine--a determination of its place]. Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie. December 1998, 33 (12): 764–70. PMID 9893910. S2CID 259981872. doi:10.1055/s-2007-994851 (德語).
- ^ Regulatory Decision Summary - Spravato -. Health Canada. 23 October 2014 [5 June 2022]. (原始內容存檔於6 June 2022).
- ^ Spravato 28 mg nasal spray, solution - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC). (emc). [24 November 2020]. (原始內容存檔於28 August 2021).
- ^ Vesierra 25 mg/ml solution for injection/infusion - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC). (emc). 21 February 2020 [24 November 2020]. (原始內容存檔於21 April 2021).
- ^ Spravato- esketamine hydrochloride solution. DailyMed. 6 August 2020 [26 September 2020]. (原始內容存檔於18 March 2021).
- ^ Spravato EPAR. European Medicines Agency (EMA). 16 October 2019 [24 November 2020]. (原始內容存檔於23 November 2020).
- ^ Anvisa. RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control]. Diário Oficial da União. 31 March 2023 (4 April 2023) [16 August 2023]. (原始內容存檔於3 August 2023) (巴西葡萄牙語).
- ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Esketamine Monograph for Professionals. Drugs.com. [23 July 2021]. (原始內容存檔於23 January 2021) (英語).
- ^ 13.0 13.1 Spravato- esketamine hydrochloride solution. DailyMed. 6 August 2020 [26 September 2020]. (原始內容存檔於18 March 2021).
- ^ Bahji, A; Vazquez, GH; Zarate CA, Jr. Erratum to "Comparative efficacy of racemic ketamine and esketamine for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis" [Journal of Affective Disorders 278C (2021) 542-555].. Journal of affective disorders. 15 February 2021, 281: 1001. PMID 33229028. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.103.
- ^ 15.0 15.1 BNF 80. BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press. September 2020 - March 2021: 1411. ISBN 978-0-85711-369-6.
- ^ 16.0 16.1 Commissioner, Office of the. FDA approves new nasal spray medication for treatment-resistant depression; available only at a certified doctor’s office or clinic. FDA. 24 March 2020 [23 July 2021]. (原始內容存檔於23 July 2021) (英語).
- ^ Esketamine. Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed) [Internet]. 2019. PMID 31038855.
- ^ Roche, Victoria; Zito, William S.; Lemke, Thomas; Williams, David A. Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 29 July 2019: PT1423 [23 July 2021]. ISBN 978-1-4963-8587-1. (原始內容存檔於28 August 2021) (英語).
- ^ Himmelseher S, Pfenninger E. [The clinical use of S-(+)-ketamine--a determination of its place]. Anasthesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie. December 1998, 33 (12): 764–70. PMID 9893910. doi:10.1055/s-2007-994851.
- ^ Spravato. [23 July 2021]. (原始內容存檔於23 November 2020).
- ^ Ferrier, I. Nicol; Waite, Jonathan. The ECT Handbook. Cambridge University Press. 4 July 2019: 150 [23 July 2021]. ISBN 978-1-911623-16-8. (原始內容存檔於29 August 2021) (英語).