耳螺科
耳螺科
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| A live but retracted individual of Laemodonta siamensis on a human hand. A partially torn epiphragm of dried mucus is visible in the aperture of the shell | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 軟體動物門 Mollusca |
| 綱： | 腹足綱 Gastropoda |
| 目： | 耳螺目 Ellobiida |
| 總科： | 耳螺總科 Ellobioidea Pfeiffer, 1854 |
| 科： | 耳螺科 Ellobiidae Pfeiffer, 1854 |
| 多樣性[1] | |
| 約有250個有效物種 | |
| 異名[2] | |
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Melampidae Stimpson, 1851 | |
耳螺科（學名：Ellobiidae），亦作耳蝸牛科[3]，是腹足綱耳螺總科（學名：Ellobioidea）之下的一個科[4]。耳螺科物種體型細小，皆可呼吸空氣。舊屬原始有肺目或基眼目的松螺總科[5][6]，之後耳螺科改屬耳螺總科[7]:6。2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，整個耳螺總科仍被歸到基眼類非正式群組[4]。在2017年《布歇特等人的腹足類分類》，耳螺科聯同另外兩個科共同組成耳螺目[8]。
型態描述
[編輯]本科物種螺殻的一大特徵，除了其耳狀的螺殻外，還有其鋸齒狀的殻口[9]。
分佈及棲息地
[編輯]本科物種遍佈全世界，但仍主要集中於印度洋-西太平洋海域[9]。部分物種嗜鹽，常棲息在河口半淡鹹水域[10]或紅樹林的高潮區、鹽沼地等範圍[9]。儘管本科物種可呼吸空氣，而事實上在熱帶亦有部分物種可完全營陸生，但其餘物種仍不時要返回海水裏[9]，所以WoRMS指本科物種的棲息環境同時包括海洋、鹹淡水交界及陸生[2]。
系統分類
[編輯]屬
[編輯]截至2018年8月28日[update]，WoRMS紀錄本科包括以下各個亞科與屬[2]：
- 罌粟蝸牛亞科 Carychiinae Jeffreys, 1830，果瓣螺亞科
- 小罌粟蝸牛屬 Carychiella Strauch, 1977
- † Carychiopsis Sandberger, 1872
- 罌粟蝸牛屬 Carychium O.F. Müller, 1773，異名：Auricella Jurine, 1817， Auriculina Moquin-Tandon, 1856和Saraphia Risso, 1826，果瓣螺屬
- Koreozospeum Jochum & Prozorova, 2015
- † Protocarychium Pan, 1982
- Zospeum Bourguignat, 1856，異名：Speozoum Hamann, 1896
- 耳螺亞科 Ellobiinae L. Pfeiffer, 1854 (1822)
- Auriculinella Tausch, 1886，異名： Leuconia Gray, 1840和Leucopepla Peile, 1926
- Blauneria Shuttleworth, 1854
- 耳螺屬 Ellobium Röding, 1798，異名：AuriculaLamarck, 1799， AuriculinaKobelt, 1898， Auriculodes Strand, 1928，Auriculus Montfort, 1810， Autonoe Guppy, 1868，Autonoella Wenz, 1947， Geovula Swainson, 1840
- Leucophytia Winckworth, 1949
- † Stolidomopsis Sandberger, 1875
- 尖耳螺亞科 Melampinae Stimpson, 1851 (1850)
- Detracia Gray, 1840
- 尖耳螺屬 Melampus Montfort, 1810：嗜鹽。，異名Conovulus Lamarck, 1816， Pira H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855，Tifata H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855
- Tralia Gray, 1840
- 異耳螺屬 Allochroa Ancey, 1887：嗜鹽。
- 金耳螺屬 Auriculastra Martens, 1880：嗜鹽。異名：Cylindrotis Möllendorff, 1895
- 冠耳螺屬 Cassidula Férussac, 1821：又名鼬耳螺屬，嗜鹽。異名：Cassidulella ！Thiele, 1934， Cassidulina Thiele, 1931， Rhodostoma Swainson, 1840
- 肋耳螺屬 Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
- Myosotella Monterosato, 1906：嗜鹽。
- 皺耳螺屬 Ophicardelus Beck, 1838：嗜鹽。
- Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
- Pleuroloba Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005
- 女教士螺屬 Pythia Röding, 1798：嗜鹽。
- 異名：
» Genus Alexia Leach in Gray, 1847 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 (Invalid: junior homonym of Alexia Stephens, 1833 [Coleoptera]; Nealexia is a replacement name) » Genus Jaminia T. Brown, 1827 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 » Genus Kochia Pallary, 1900 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 (Invalid: junior homonym of Kochia Frech, 1891 [Bivalvia]) » Genus Laimodonta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 accepted as Laemodonta Philippi, 1846 » Genus Melosidula B.J. Smith & Kershaw, 1979 accepted as Cassidula (Cassidula) Férussac, 1821 represented as Cassidula Férussac, 1821 » Genus Monica H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 accepted as Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832 » Genus Nealexia Wenz, 1920 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 » Genus Phytia accepted as Pythia Röding, 1798 (Incorrect subsequent spelling) » Genus Plecotrema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 accepted as Laemodonta (Laemodonta) Philippi, 1846 represented as Laemodonta Philippi, 1846 » Genus Scarabus Montfort, 1810 accepted as Pythia Röding, 1798
- 扁耳螺屬 Pythia Röding, 1798：扁耳螺亞科的模式屬。
- 花豹耳螺 Pythia pantherina (A. Adams)[12]
- 厚皮耳螺 Pythia pachyodon Pilsbry et Hirase[12]
- 扁耳螺屬 Pythia Röding, 1798：扁耳螺亞科的模式屬。
- subfamily Zaptychiinae †
- Zaptychius Walcott, 1883 † ：本亞科的模式屬。
- 亞科地位未定
- Genus Juramarinula Bandel, 1991 †
- Genus Leopoldium Bandel & Riedel, 1994 †
- Genus Melampoides Yen, 1951 †
- Genus Mesauriculstra Yen, 1952 †
- Genus Mesochilina Yen, 1951 †
- Genus Palaeoleuca Wenz, 1922 †
- Genus Proauriculastra Bandel, 1991 †
- Genus Pythiopsis F. Sandberger, 1870 †
- Genus Rhytophorus Meek, 1871 †
- Genus Semiauricula Cossmann, 1889 †
- Genus Stolidoma Deshayes, 1863 †
- Genus Tortacella White, 1895 †
- Genus Traliopsis F. Sandberger, 1870 †
subfamily ?
- Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Auriculodes Strand, 1928
- Blauneria Shuttleworth, 1854
- Creedonia Martins, 1996
- Detracia Gray in Turton, 1840
- Leuconopsis Hutton, 1884
- Marinula King & Broderip, 1832
- 微耳螺屬 Microtralia Dall, 1894：嗜鹽。
- Ophicardelus Beck, 1838
- Ovatella Bivona, 1832
- Pleuroloba Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005
- Pseudomelampus Pallary, 1900
- Tralia Gray, 1840
- 異名：
- Alexia Leach in Gray, 1847: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Auricula Lamarck, 1799: synonym of Ellobium Röding, 1798
- Cremnobates Swainson, 1855: synonym of Marinula King & Broderip, 1832
- Jaminia T. Brown, 1827: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Kochia Pallary, 1900: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Laimodonta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
- Leuconia Gray, 1840: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Leucopepla Peile, 1926: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Leucophytia Winckworth, 1949: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Monica H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
- Nealexia Wenz, 1920: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Phytia: synonym of Pythia Röding, 1798
- Pira H. & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Melampus Montfort, 1810
- Plecotrema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854: synonym of Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
- Rangitotoa Powell, 1933: synonym of Microtralia Dall, 1894
- Taxonomic note
Genus Sarnia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 (temporary name, Sarnia [H. & A. Adams, 1855 (September), The Genera of Recent Mollusca, 2: 239] is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Siona H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 which is a junior homonym of Siona Duponchel, 1829 [Lepidoptera].)
參考文獻
[編輯]This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference[1]
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Weigand A. M., Jochum A., Slapnik R., Schnitzler J., Zarza E. & Klussmann-Kolb A. (2013). "Evolution of microgastropods (Ellobioidea, Carychiidae): integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary hypotheses". BMC Evolutionary Biology 13: 18. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-18.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Bouchet P. Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O , 編. Ellobiidae L. Pfeiffer, 1854 (1822). MolluscaBase. 2013-08-07 [2017-06-20] –透過WoRMS.
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<references>標籤中name屬性為「TaiBIF」的參考文獻沒有在文中使用
