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組織蛋白去乙醯酶抑制劑

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組織蛋白去乙醯酶抑制劑(英語:HDAC inhibitor,簡寫HDIHDAC抑制劑)是一種透過抑制身體內組織蛋白去乙醯酶功能的藥物類別,亦存在於胎兒四川胡椒內。現時有健康食品生產商建議透過進食花椒油而達至防癌的功效。

現時醫學界有研究透過「組織蛋白去乙醯酶抑制劑」來治療癌症[1]神經退行性疾病(neurodegenerative diseases)。這些抑制劑的具體機制,例如有關的化合物如何達到有關的功效,到現在還未清楚。不過,有關文獻亦有提出可能的表觀遺傳學途徑[2] Richon et al.[3]發現HDAC抑制劑可以透過引導p21 (WAF1)來調節P53腫瘤抑制功能[4]。對於 HDAC 抑制劑如何調控基因表達 ,目前已有比較大的進展。持續的研究 HDAC 抑制劑的調節基因機制,將快速促進新藥設計及生物標記的鑑定 [5]

通路

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HDAC參與了視網膜母細胞瘤蛋白抑制細胞增殖的通路。pRb蛋白是一個複合物的組成部分,該複合物將HDAC吸引到染色質上以使其去乙酰化組織蛋白。[6] HDAC1通過直接相互作用負調控心血管轉錄因子Kruppel樣因子5。[7]

雌激素已被確認是一種有絲分裂原,通過與雌激素受體α(ERalpha)結合而參與乳腺癌的腫瘤發生和進展。最新數據表明,由HDAC和DNA甲基化介導的染色質失活是人類乳腺癌細胞中ERalpha沉默的關鍵組成部分。[8]

HDAC抑制劑也與某些基因啟動子的抑制有關。然而,這可能是由於其他負調控蛋白活性的增加所致。例如包括SAHA英語SAHA, LAQ824/LBH589, CI994, MS275英語MS275莫塞替諾特[9]

藥用HDI

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不少已經在使用的藥物被發現同時具有抑制第I、II、IV類HDAC的功能,都是靠和鋅原子結合起效。2005年已有的化學結構種類按照結合強度遞減,有:[10]

  1. 異羥肟酸類(或羥胺酯類),例如曲古抑菌素A英語trichostatin A
  2. 環狀四肽英語tetrapeptide類(如曲泊肽B),以及環肽類,如羅米地辛英語romidepsin波可地辛
  3. 苯胺類,
  4. 親電子類,以及
  5. 脂肪酸類化合物,如丙戊酸苯丁酸鈉英語Sodium phenylbutyrate

2007年新開發出的種類有:

第三類HDAC即Sirtuin英語Sirtuin基於NAD+工作,可被細胞內的煙酰胺抑制。[13]

參考

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  1. ^ Marks PA, Dokmanovic M. Histone deacetylase inhibitors: discovery and development as anticancer agents. Expert opinion on investigational drugs. 2005, 14 (12): 1497–511. PMID 16307490. doi:10.1517/13543784.14.12.1497. 
  2. ^ Claude Monneret. Histone deacetylase inhibitors for epigenetic therapy of cancer. Anticancer Drugs. April 2007, 18: 363–70. 
  3. ^ Richon VM, Sandhoff TW, Rifkind RA, Marks PA. AUG 29 2000. "Histone deacetylase inhibitor selectively induces p21(WAF1) expression and gene-associated histone acetylation." [[美國國家科學院院刊|]] 97(18):10014-10019.
  4. ^ el-Deiry WS, Tokino T, Velculescu VE, Levy DB, Parsons R, Trent JM, Lin D, Mercer WE, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B. NOV 19 1993. "WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression." Cell 75(4):817-25.
  5. ^ Chueh, Anderly C.; Tse, Janson W.T.; Tögel, Lars; Mariadason, John M. Mechanisms of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor-Regulated Gene Expression in Cancer Cells. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling. 2014-02-10, 23 (1): 66–84. ISSN 1523-0864. PMC 4492771可免費查閱. PMID 24512308. doi:10.1089/ars.2014.5863. 
  6. ^ Brehm A, Miska EA, McCance DJ, Reid JL, Bannister AJ, Kouzarides T. 1998 Retinoblastoma protein recruits histone deacetylase to repress transcription. Nature 391(6667):597-601.
  7. ^ Matsumura T, Suzuki T, Aizawa K, Munemasa Y, Muto S, Horikoshi M, Nagai R 2005 The deacetylase HDAC1 negatively regulates the cardiovascular transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 5 through direct interaction.J Bio Chem(journal)J Bio Chem 280(13):12123-9
  8. ^ Zhang Z, Yamashita H, Toyama T, Sugiura H, Ando Y, Mita K, Hamaguchi M, Hara Y, Kobayashi S, Iwase H Quantitation of HDAC1 mRNA expression in invasive carcinoma of the breast.2005 Breast Cancer Res Treat英語Breast Cancer Res TreatNov;94(1):11-6.
  9. ^ Beckers T, Burkhardt C, Wieland H; et al. Distinct pharmacological properties of second generation HDAC inhibitors with the benzamide or hydroxamate head group. Int. J. Cancer. 2007, 121 (5): 1138–48. PMID 17455259. doi:10.1002/ijc.22751. 
  10. ^ Drummond DC, Noble CO, Kirpotin DB, Guo Z, Scott GK, Benz CC. Clinical development of histone deacetylase inhibitors as anticancer agents. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2005, 45: 495–528. PMID 15822187. doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.095825. 
  11. ^ Beckers T, Burkhardt C, Wieland H, Gimmnich P, Ciossek T, Maier T, Sanders K. Distinct pharmacological properties of second generation HDAC inhibitors with the benzamide or hydroxamate head group. International Journal of Cancer. September 2007, 121 (5): 1138–48. PMID 17455259. doi:10.1002/ijc.22751可免費查閱. 
  12. ^ Acharya MR, Sparreboom A, Venitz J, Figg WD. Rational development of histone deacetylase inhibitors as anticancer agents: a review. Molecular Pharmacology. October 2005, 68 (4): 917–32. PMID 15955865. S2CID 1439957. doi:10.1124/mol.105.014167. 
  13. ^ Porcu M, Chiarugi A. The emerging therapeutic potential of sirtuin-interacting drugs: from cell death to lifespan extension. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. February 2005, 26 (2): 94–103. PMID 15681027. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2004.12.009.