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阿爾察赫封鎖

座標：39°45′07″N 46°43′44″E / 39.75194°N 46.72889°E / 39.75194; 46.72889
維基百科，自由的百科全書
阿爾察赫封鎖
納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫衝突的一部分
封鎖拉欽走廊的阿塞拜疆方的抗議人士，攝於2022年12月17日[1][2][3][4]
日期2022年12月12日至2023年9月30日
(1年10個月3周又6天)
地點
拉欽走廊與舒沙

39°45′07″N 46°43′44″E / 39.75194°N 46.72889°E / 39.75194; 46.72889
方法抗議、靜坐示威、道路封鎖（英語：roadblock）
衝突方

阿塞拜疆 阿塞拜疆 抗議人士（自稱「環保人士」）[5]

 阿塞拜疆[註 1]
領導人物
俄羅斯 安德烈·沃爾科夫[10]
俄羅斯 亞歷山大·連佐夫（英語：Alexander Lentsov）
俄羅斯 基里爾·庫拉科夫[11]
傷亡
死亡4名平民[14][15][16][17]
  1. ^ 儘管阿塞拜疆總統伊利哈姆·阿利耶夫稱該行動由示威者自發進行[6]，但有報導指相關行動由阿塞拜疆政府當局策劃並進行[7][8]。阿塞拜疆外交部長耶洪·巴伊拉莫夫指阿塞拜疆政府以及示威者要求進入當地檢查採礦情況方會解除封鎖。[9]

阿爾察赫封鎖又稱納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫封鎖、拉欽走廊封鎖，是阿塞拜疆於2022年12月至2023年9月30日對阿爾察赫共和國（納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫）的封鎖，為納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫衝突的一部份。

背景

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阿爾察赫共和國為受亞美尼亞支持的有限承認國家，居民大多為亞美尼亞人，但在國際上被視為阿塞拜疆領土的一部份。2020年納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫戰爭後雙方簽署停火協議，俄羅斯維和部隊（英語：Peacekeeping operations in Nagorno-Karabakh）進駐阿爾察赫，亞美尼亞軍隊則撤離[18]。阿爾察赫在2020年戰爭後因失去大量領土，對亞美尼亞的依賴更深[19][20][21][22]，在封鎖發生前有90%的食物為自亞美尼亞進口[23]。但阿爾察赫與與亞美尼亞本土僅通過拉欽走廊相連[24]，拉欽走廊因此被視為阿爾察赫的「生命線」[25][26][27][28]，除食物外亞美尼亞也透過此走廊向阿爾察赫輸送天然氣，後者的網絡、電網與電話線也是由此和外界連通[29][30][31]。2017年亞美尼亞瓦爾代尼斯與阿爾察赫馬爾達凱特間的公路貫通，為連通兩國的替代道路，但2020年戰爭後因中間一段被阿塞拜疆佔領而遭截斷[32][24]。阿爾察赫首府的機場斯捷潘納克特機場則自1990年後即關閉[26]，因此無法使用空路常態運補，2011年阿爾察赫政府一度嘗試重開機場，但因阿塞拜疆威脅將擊落飛經阿爾察赫上空的航班而未果[33][34]。

1989年8月阿塞拜疆對阿爾察赫進行第一次封鎖[35][36]，1991年至1992年第一次納戈爾諾－卡拉巴赫戰爭期間阿塞拜疆再次包圍阿爾察赫首府斯捷潘納克特[37]。而此次封鎖發生前，2022年內阿塞拜疆便已三度截斷阿爾察赫的天然氣管道[38][39][40][41]，最長長達三週[42]。

經過

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封鎖發生後，阿爾察赫政府發行糖、蕎麥、意大利麵、植物油與米飯的配給票
封鎖期間阿爾察赫首府斯捷潘納克特商店缺乏商品的貨架
阿塞拜疆方抗議人士使用的俄文標語
阿塞拜疆在哈卡里橋附近設立的檢查站

2022年12月22日，受阿塞拜疆政府組織[1][2]、自稱為「環保人士」的民眾封鎖了拉欽走廊[5][43]，聲稱為抗議阿爾察赫境內的非法採礦活動，並只允許親阿塞拜疆政府的記者進入報導[44][45]。封鎖中斷了阿爾察赫食品、藥品與燃料的進口，造成嚴重人道危機[46][47]。阿爾察赫境內物資短缺[48][49][50]，被迫進行緊急物資配給[51]，失業率也大幅上升[52][53]。許多觀點認為此次封鎖為阿塞拜疆發動混合戰爭的一部份[54][55][56]。

封鎖開始後，只有紅十字國際委員會與俄羅斯維和部隊的車輛被允許通過拉欽走廊[57][58]，亞美尼亞政府透過紅十字會輸送了一些急用物資[59][60][57]，紅十字會車輛也將阿爾察赫急重症的病患載往亞美尼亞治療[57][61]。封鎖期間，阿爾察赫的能源、電力與網絡數次被切斷[62]。最初幾天阿塞拜疆一度切斷對阿爾察赫的天然氣供應管道[5][63][38]，短暫恢復後又於2023年1月17日、1月28日、2月6日與3月10日再次將其切斷[64][65][66][67]。1月10日對阿爾察赫供電唯一的高壓電線被損毀，阿塞拜疆阻止維修團隊前往，阿爾察赫因此每日限電6小時[68][69][70][71]；1月12日連接阿爾察赫唯一的網絡寬頻電纜被損毀[72][73]，隔日由亞美尼亞的團隊修復[74]。

紅十字國際委員會的車輛通過封鎖中的拉欽走廊
亞美尼亞首都埃里溫上街抗議阿塞拜疆封鎖阿爾察赫的群眾

3月25日，阿塞拜疆方進佔了拉欽走廊北方一條連接斯捷潘納克特與數個舒沙地區村落的土路（拉欽走廊的替代道路），聲稱亞美尼亞方使用此路運送武器[75][76][77][78]。4月23日，阿塞拜疆在拉欽走廊中間（哈卡里橋俄軍維和部隊基地的附近）設立了一座檢查站[79][80]，此舉違反2020年停火協定，俄羅斯[81]、美國、法國[82]、英國[83]與加拿大[84]等國均表示關切或譴責，但有影片顯示檢查站設立之時一旁的俄軍並未加以干涉[81]。4月28日，阿塞拜疆自稱為環保人士的抗議群眾在與總統代表會面後，宣佈終止抗議行動[85]，阿塞拜疆國營媒體表示抗議者對政府在拉欽走廊設立檢查站感到非常滿意[86]。6月15日起，阿塞拜疆加強封鎖，紅十字會和俄羅斯維和人員的所有食品、燃料和藥品運輸通道均遭到封鎖。[87][88][89]

2023年9月，阿塞拜疆對阿爾察赫發起大規模進攻，佔領阿爾察赫全境，封鎖宣告結束[90]。

各方反應

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阿爾察赫政府提出讓國際環保組織介入以解決爭議[91][92]，但阿塞拜疆政府拒絕與阿爾察赫政府代表溝通[47][93]，提出解封條件為讓阿塞拜疆的政府代表進入阿爾察赫[94]。數個國家政府與國際組織均譴責此次封鎖[47][95]，認為其違反了2020年納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫停火協議中，阿塞拜疆對拉欽走廊雙向運輸流通的承諾[96]，也有學者、組織提出如此封鎖已出現種族滅絕的部份條件[97][98][99][100][101]。研究納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫衝突的英國學者湯瑪斯·德·瓦爾（英語：Thomas de Waal）指出阿塞拜疆方的抗議人士肯定是由阿塞拜疆政府派出的，並將其比擬為2014年俄羅斯聯邦併吞克里米亞時派出的「小綠人」[102]。

2023年2月22日，國際法院裁定要求阿塞拜疆「採取一切可能措施以確保拉欽走廊人員、車輛與物資的雙向貫通」[103][104]，但封鎖迄今仍持續中[105]，對亞美尼亞與阿塞拜疆的和平進程造成重大威脅[106][107]。

衝突各方

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封鎖期間的俄羅斯維和部隊成員

亞美尼亞政府表示阿塞拜疆如此挑釁的行為會造成大規模人道主義危機[108]，該國總理並批評俄羅斯維和部隊的不作為[109]，還有亞美尼亞官員指出俄羅斯利用此次封鎖逼迫亞美尼亞作出開通贊格祖爾走廊、加入俄白聯盟國等讓步（俄方對此則否認）[110][111][112]。亞美尼亞總統瓦哈根·哈恰圖良指出阿塞拜疆未盡其維持拉欽走廊暢通的責任，過去每天有約300至400輛車輛途經此路，但封鎖40天以來總共只有約400輛車載運人道物資通過[113]。阿爾察赫總統阿拉伊克·阿魯秋尼揚表示阿塞拜疆如此具侵略性、恐嚇當地居民的行為令人完全無法接受[114][115][116]。阿塞拜疆政府則持續否認封鎖，聲稱拉欽走廊的民間運輸無礙，並將對卡拉巴赫的亞美尼亞居民提供人道援助[117][118]，外交部發言人稱封鎖為「假新聞」[119]，阿塞拜疆總統伊利哈姆·阿利耶夫稱讚參與抗議的民眾，認為他們向世界展示了阿塞拜疆青年的高貴品質[120]，並稱將此事件稱為封鎖「並不公平」[121]。封鎖發生後三天，俄羅斯外交部發言人瑪麗亞·扎哈羅娃稱俄方正致力於解決當地局勢[122]，外交部長拉夫羅夫表示正在調查阿塞拜疆提出亞美尼亞經拉欽走廊運送地雷的指控，並相信情況可以很快得到解決[123]。

其他國家

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  • 巴西：大使呼籲雙方展開對話，並指任何封鎖都會危害納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫居民的生活，並威脅亞美尼亞與阿塞拜疆的和平進程[124]。
  • 加拿大：外交部呼籲阿塞拜疆解除封鎖[125]。
  • 塞浦路斯：外交部呼籲阿塞拜疆解除封鎖、恢復天然氣供應[126]。
  • 愛沙尼亞：外交部對封鎖對當地居民造成嚴重痛苦表示關切[127]。
  • 法國：外交部呼籲無條件解除對拉欽走廊的封鎖，並尊重納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫亞美尼亞居民的權益[128]。法國國民議會議長婭埃爾·布朗-皮韋訪問埃里溫期間表示法國關切對納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫的封鎖與日益嚴重的人道危機，雙方應盡快恢復對話，但她也表示法國不會對阿塞拜疆進行制裁[129]。
  • 德國：德國外交部長安娜琳娜·貝伯克呼籲立即重開拉欽走廊，強調封鎖的人道危機後果[130]。
  • 希臘：外交部呼籲阿塞拜疆立即確保拉欽走廊暢通[131]。
  • 愛爾蘭：外交部呼籲阿塞拜疆立即無條件恢復拉欽走廊的自由與安全[132]。
  • 黎巴嫩：外交部表示對拉欽走廊封鎖、當地居民生活受到的影響深表遺憾[133]。
  • 立陶宛：外交部對拉欽走廊持續的封鎖、造成納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫嚴重的人道危機表示關切[134]。
  • 盧森堡：外交部長呼籲阿塞拜疆確保拉欽走廊暢通[135]，稱納戈爾諾-卡拉巴赫是亞美尼亞人的家園，沒有人有權封鎖拉欽走廊[136]。
  • 荷蘭：外交部呼籲停止封鎖拉欽走廊，並呼籲亞美尼亞與阿塞拜疆重新展開和平談判[137]。議會通過決議，要求政府呼籲歐洲委員會對阿塞拜疆施壓，停止對阿爾察赫居民的敵意[138]。
  • 挪威：外交部長呼籲阿塞拜疆確保拉欽走廊運輸的安全[124]。
  • 波蘭：議會一致通過決議，呼籲阿塞拜疆立即無條件解除對拉欽走廊的封鎖[139]。
  • 西班牙：議會一致通過決議，呼籲阿塞拜疆旅行2020年停火協議，保證拉欽走廊運輸的自由與安全[140][141]。
  • 土耳其：駐阿塞拜疆大使Cahit Bağcı親赴封鎖現場，在推特發文表示「卡拉巴赫屬於阿塞拜疆」[142]。
  • 英國：歐洲事務部長利奧·多徹蒂對封鎖拉欽走廊、在冬季阻斷天然氣供應表達關切[143][144]。
  • 美國：美國國務院發言人內德·普萊斯、美國國家安全顧問傑克·沙利文表示此封鎖會造成嚴重人道危機，呼籲阿塞拜疆恢復拉欽走廊的自由運輸[145][146][147]。五名議員發表聯合聲明「阿塞拜疆人唯一得以自由抗議的場合即是對亞美尼亞人生命造成威脅時，非常令人擔憂。我們呼籲美國、歐洲的夥伴使用一切外交手段，停止此一明顯由阿塞拜疆造成的危機[148]。」2023年1月4日，洛杉磯市長致信美國總統拜登，呼籲美國政府幫助阿爾察赫人民[149]。
  • 烏拉圭：議會呼籲阿塞拜疆停止封鎖，停止騷擾阿爾察赫居民，對阿爾察赫居民表達支持[150][151][152]。
  • 梵蒂岡：教宗方濟各對當地居民的人道危機表示關切[153]。1月29日再次呼籲和平解決拉欽走廊的嚴重人道危機，稱封鎖對當地居民「不人道」[154]。

國際組織

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參考文獻

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  45. ^ Müstəqil jurnalistlər Şuşa-Xankəndi yolundakı aksiyaya buraxılmadı [Independent journalists were not allowed to participate in the action on the Shusha-Khankendi road]. MEYDAN.TV. 2022-12-14 [2023-03-15]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-02） （阿塞拜疆語）. On December 14, Meydan TV employees Aytaj Tapdığ, Khayala Aghayeva and independent journalist Teymur Karimov were detained by civilians and black masked men while going to prepare a report from the Shusha-Khankendi road...The journalists say that before they were returned, their cameras were confiscated and their footage was deleted. 
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  56. ^ Azerbaijan: Blockade of Lachin corridor putting thousands of lives in peril must be immediately lifted. Amnesty International. 2023-02-09 [2023-02-09]. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-23）. [The Lachin corridor was] blockaded by dozens of Azerbaijani protesters, widely believed to be backed by the country's authorities. 
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  113. ^ Хачатурян о разблокировании Лачинского коридора: Российская сторона не хочет применять силу. news.am. [16 January 2023]. （原始內容存檔於2023-01-19） （俄語）. 
  114. ^ Karabakh President: We are convinced that Russian peacekeepers will use all mechanisms. news.am. [2022-12-27]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-27）. 
  115. ^ Ghazanchyan, Siranush. Azerbaijan's behavior an unprecedented challenge, Artsakh's President says. Public Radio of Armenia. December 12, 2022 [2022-12-27]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-27）. 
  116. ^ Aggressive behavior of Azerbaijan, through which it terrorizes our population, is highly unacceptable: President of Artsakh. www.1lurer.am. [2022-12-27]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-27）. 
  117. ^ Armenia says Azerbaijan behind Nagorno-Karabakh roadblock 'crisis'. France 24. 15 December 2022 [19 December 2022]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-29）. 
  118. ^ Baku denies Lachin road blocked, voices readiness to meet humanitarian needs of ethnic Armenians. Azernews. 15 December 2022 [15 December 2022]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-28）. 
  119. ^ Hajizada, Aykhan [@Aykhanh]. Contrary to the misinformation on the "blockade," the @ICRC vehicles and #Armenian ambulances are passing freely through the #Lachin road. This is on top of multiple cases of passing through the road several times each day. Claims about the blockade are fake news! t.co/BgvYIcTudg (推文). 19 December 2022 [14 January 2023]. （原始內容存檔於13 January 2023） –透過Twitter. 
  120. ^ Azerbaijan's president makes first remarks on Karabakh blockade. eurasianet.org. [2023-01-13]. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-23）. 
  121. ^ Ilham Aliyev was interviewed by local TV channels. Official web-site of President of Azerbaijan Republic. president.az. 10 January 2023 [12 January 2023]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-10）. 
  122. ^ Tensions rise between Armenia and Azerbaijan over blocked supply corridor. Reuters. 2022-12-15 [2023-04-01]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-27）. 
  123. ^ Talks with Zelensky, previous relations with West impossible, Lavrov tells media. TASS. 18 January 2023 [19 January 2023]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-27）. 
  124. ^ 124.0 124.1 Despite 'Glimmer of Hope' in Armenia, Azerbaijan Conflict, Escalating Tensions Threaten to Derail Fragile Progress, Senior Official Tells Security Council. press.un.org. [2022-12-22]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-27）. 
  125. ^ The Canadian Foreign Ministry calls on Azerbaijan to open the Lachin Corridor. Radar.am. [2023-04-17]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-15）. 
  126. ^ Ghazanchyan, Siranush. Cyprus calls on Azerbaijan to lift blockade of Lachin corridor and restore gas supply. Public Radio of Armenia. 14 December 2022 [2023-04-17]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-30）. 
  127. ^ Estonian MFA 🇪🇪 | 🌻 #StandWithUkraine [@MFAestonia]. Continuing blockade of #LachinCorridor causes severe human suffering of the local population in #NagornoKarabakh & has damaging impact on the ongoing peace process btw 🇦🇲&🇦🇿. 🇪🇪 calls on parties to adhere to trilateral statement of Nov 2020 & to return to peaceful negotiations. (推文). 17 December 2022 [29 December 2022]. （原始內容存檔於21 December 2022） –透過Twitter. 
  128. ^ Green, Anna. The Lachin Corridor: A Looming Humanitarian Catastrophe. 14 December 2022 [2023-04-17]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-24）. 
  129. ^ "We have chosen the path of active mediation" – French National Assembly Speaker in Yerevan. English Jamnews. 13 January 2023 [14 January 2023]. （原始內容存檔於2023-01-31）. 
  130. ^ Germany urges 'immediate' end to Nagorno-Karabakh blockade. Al Arabiya. 7 February 2023 [9 February 2023]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-19）. 
  131. ^ Υπουργείο Εξωτερικών [@GreeceMFA]. Greece calls on Azerbaijani authorities to ensure freedom & security of movement & transport, in both directions along the Lachin corridor without any preconditions in compliance with the Tripartite Statement of 09.11.20 Local population should be spared from hardships&distress t.co/vYLzOGkqDb (推文). 15 December 2022 [20 December 2022]. （原始內容存檔於17 December 2022） –透過Twitter. 
  132. ^ Despite 'Glimmer of Hope' in Armenia, Azerbaijan Conflict, Escalating Tensions Threaten to Derail Fragile Progress, Senior Official Tells Security Council. press.un.org. [2022-12-21]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-27）. 
  133. ^ Foreign Ministry deplores closure of Lachin corridor, urges dialogue between Armenia and Azerbaijan. National News Agency. [2023-01-26]. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-03）. 
  134. ^ Lithuania MFA | #StandWithUkraine [@LithuaniaMFA]. Deeply concerned about the continuing blockade of #LachinCorridor, resulting in severe humanitarian consequences for #NagornoKarabakh. Such developments not only hinder the free movement, but also derail the whole peace process in South Caucasus. (推文). 16 December 2022 [20 December 2022]. （原始內容存檔於19 December 2022） –透過Twitter. 
  135. ^ Statement on Lachin Corridor. Twitter. 2023-02-22 [2023-02-23]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-17）. 
  136. ^ "It's the homeland of Armenians and nobody has the right to block Lachin Corridor" – Luxembourg Foreign Minister. armenpress.am. [2023-02-23]. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-24）. 
  137. ^ Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs 🇳🇱 [@DutchMFA]. The Netherlands is closely following the situation in the #Lachin corridor. We call on Azerbaijan to ensure freedom and security of movement, and encourage Armenia and Azerbaijan to restart peace negotiations as soon as possible. t.co/jUIphIjscf (推文). 15 December 2022 [20 December 2022]. （原始內容存檔於19 December 2022） –透過Twitter. 
  138. ^ Dutch Parliament adopts motion calling for opening of Lachin Corridor. Public Radio of Armenia. [2023-01-22]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-28）. 
  139. ^ Klich, Bogdan. Uchwała Komisji Spraw Zagranicznych i Unii Europejskiej Senatu RP w sprawie blokady Korytarza Laczyńskiego (PDF). 25 January 2023 [26 January 2023]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2023-01-26）. 
  140. ^ The Spanish Parliament calls on Azerbaijan to ensure the freedom and safety of movement through the Lachin Corridor. armenpress.am. [2022-12-22]. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-24）. 
  141. ^ BOCG. Congreso de los Diputados, serie D, núm. 195, de 16/12/2020 – Congreso de los Diputados. www.congreso.es. [2022-12-22]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-23）. 
  142. ^ Recent Developments Regarding Protest Along Lachin Corridor. caucasuswatch.de. 26 December 2022 [2022-12-28]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-26） （德語）. 
  143. ^ Blocking the Lachin corridor and disrupting gas supplies in winter risks severe humanitarian consequences, Leo Docherty. www.1lurer.am. [2023-01-04]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-27）. 
  144. ^ Docherty, Leo [@LeoDochertyUK]. Blocking the Lachin corridor and disrupting gas supplies in winter risks severe humanitarian consequences. The UK counts on both #Azerbaijan and #Armenia to abide by all ceasefire commitments. A lasting settlement can only be reached through peaceful, diplomatic means. (推文). 14 December 2022 [14 January 2023]. （原始內容存檔於4 January 2023） –透過Twitter. 
  145. ^ ԱՄՆ-ն Ադրբեջանին կոչ է արել վերաբացել Լաչինի միջանցքը. mediamax.am. [13 December 2022]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-16）. 
  146. ^ Azerbaijan Rejects Accusations Of Karabakh Blockade. barrons.com. Agence France-Presse. 15 December 2022 [2023-04-17]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-16）. 
  147. ^ Readout of APNSA Jake Sullivan's Calls with National Security Council Secretary Armen Grigoryan of Armenia and Head of the Foreign Relations Department of the Presidential Administration of Azerbaijan Hikmat Hajiyev. whitehouse.gov. 22 December 2022 [22 December 2022]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-24）. 
  148. ^ Armenia Caucus Co-Chairs Issue Statement on Escalation of Azerbaijani Humanitarian Abuses in Artsakh. Congressman Frank Pallone. 2022-12-13 [2023-01-07]. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-03）. 
  149. ^ Krekorian, Paul [@PaulKrekorian]. Thank you Mayor Bass for joining me in communicating to President Biden the urgent need for U.S. leadership to lift the blockade and bring humanitarian relief to the people of Artsakh. t.co/bBT2kSnO4c (推文). 4 January 2023 [14 January 2023]. （原始內容存檔於8 January 2023） –透過Twitter. 
  150. ^ Embajada de Armenia en Argentina [@armembargentina]. Hoy @SenadoUy adoptó una moción sobre la situación del Corredor de #Lachín, condenando el bloqueo de parte de #Azerbaiyán. t.co/iYeaJE2hk9 [Today @SenadoUy adopted a motion on the situation of the #Lachin Corridor, condemning the blockade by #Azerbaijan.] (推文). 20 December 2022 [29 December 2022]. （原始內容存檔於22 December 2022） –透過Twitter （西班牙語）. 
  151. ^ Ghazanchyan, Siranush. Uruguay's Senate condemns blocking of Lachin Corridor, expresses solidarity with the people of Artsakh. en.armradio.am. 21 December 2022 [21 December 2022]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-25）. 
  152. ^ Sesión de Senado Extraordinaria. Parlamento del Uruguay. 20 Dec 2022 [20 December 2022]. （原始內容存檔於20 December 2022） （西班牙語）. 
  153. ^ Watkins, Devin. Pope expresses concern over humanitarian situation in South Caucasus – Vatican News. www.vaticannews.va. 18 December 2022 [19 December 2022]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-26）. 
  154. ^ Watkins, Devin. Pope prays for peace in Ukraine, recalls Lachin Corridor crisis. Vatican News. 29 January 2023 [30 January 2023]. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-03）. 
  155. ^ EU calls on Azerbaijan to ensure freedom of movement. mediamax.am. [2023-04-17]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-16）. 
  156. ^ Agayev, Zulfugar; Khojoyan, Sara. US, EU Warn on Azerbaijan-Armenia Tensions as Key Road Blocked. Bloomberg.com. 14 December 2022 [2023-04-17]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-17）. 
  157. ^ Shahverdyan, Lilit. Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh enters second day. Eurasianet. 13 December 2022 [2023-04-17]. （原始內容存檔於2023-01-29）. 
  158. ^ Gavin, Gabriel. Europe watches on as humanitarian crisis unfolds in Nagorno-Karabakh. POLITICO. 2023-01-07 [2023-01-08]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-14）. 
  159. ^ EU 'Not Considering' Sanctions Against Baku Over Karabakh Blockade. «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան. 1 February 2023 [2 February 2023]. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-06）. 
  160. ^ Movement along the Lachin Corridor should be restored as a matter of urgency to prevent a deterioration of the humanitarian situation in Nagorno-Karabakh. Council of Europe. 22 December 2022 [22 December 2022]. （原始內容存檔於2023-04-03）. 
  161. ^ Details from meeting of UN Security Council on Lachin corridor. JAM-news.net. 21 December 2022 [22 December 2022]. （原始內容存檔於2023-03-01）. 
  162. ^ Statement on the ongoing developments around the Lachin corridor. www.unicef.org. [2022-12-28]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-29）. 
  163. ^ CSTO Not Responsible for Lachin Corridor, Says Alliance Head. Hetq.am. [2023-01-05]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-28） （英語）. 
  164. ^ ОДКБ не считает своей ответственностью проблему Лачинского коридора. РИА Новости. 20 December 2022 [5 January 2023]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-27） （俄語）. 
維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：阿爾察赫封鎖
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