美國聖公會
| 美國聖公會 | |
| Episcopal Church | |
 | |
| 各級教務首長 | |
| 首長職銜 | 美國聖公會主席主教 |
| 主教長 | 孔茂功 |
| 地理位置 | |
| 總部 |  美國紐約州紐約市
|
| 管轄範圍 | 美國、臺灣、密克羅尼西亞、中美洲、南美洲、加勒比地區、歐洲 |
| 歷史資料 | |
| 創設時間 | 1785年 |
| 網址 | 美國聖公會官方網站 |
聖公宗主題頁 | |
美國聖公會（英語：The Episcopal Church）是普世聖公宗在美國、洪都拉斯、台灣、哥倫比亞、厄瓜多爾、海地、多米尼加共和國、委內瑞拉、英屬處女群島和部分歐洲地區的一個教區[1][2][3]，教會體制採主教制。總部位於紐約市。
美國聖公會保持了聖公會的神學認識和宗教傳統，以聖經、基督傳統、理性共同作為聖公會的信仰根基[4]，自我描述為是「遵循大公教會傳統的新教派別」（Protestant, yet Catholic）[5]。聖公會繼承了使徒統緒，認定其主教的按立源自於使徒時代的聖秩聖事。公禱書是聖公會共用的禮儀書，同時也是普世聖公宗和各成員教會的法典。
美國聖公會現任首席主教為孔茂功（又譯：麥可·柯里）。孔茂功原任北卡羅萊納教區主教區（Diocese of North Carolina），他在2015年6月25至7月3日期間於美國猶他州鹽湖城召開的美國聖公會第78屆全國大會（General Convention）上，獲選接替蕭寬寧（Katharine Jefferts Schori）成為美國聖公會第27任首席主教，亦是美國聖公會首位非裔首席主教。
美國聖公會在社會福音運動相當活躍，反對死刑，支持民權運動以及肯定性行動。
美國聖公會參與普世教會協會，並和美國福音路德教會、美國部份省份的摩拉維亞弟兄會、瑞典教會、舊天主教會烏特勒支聯盟、菲律賓獨立教會、聖多馬敘利亞教會達成共融[6]。2016年1月14日，由於對同性婚姻的立場分歧，美國聖公會與普世聖公宗協議停止與普世聖公宗的共融三年。[7]
歷史
[編輯]美國革命後不久，由於英國聖公會的所有神職人員都必須宣誓效忠英國君主，聖公會美國教區被要求與英國聖公會斷絕關係，於是在1789年成立了美國聖公會。
今天美國聖公會分為九個教省和美國以外的海外教區，這些海外教區包括台灣、拉丁美洲、加勒比海地區和歐洲。
體制
[編輯]美國聖公會採用主教制，與其他聖公會相同。
該會目前分為110個教區，分佈在美國本土，以及哥倫比亞、多米尼加共和國、厄瓜多爾、海地、洪都拉斯、波多黎各、台灣、委內瑞拉、處女群島和歐洲。[8] 這些教區組成9個教省，每個教省有一個大會（Synod），但無權管理下屬教區。
今天，美國聖公會共有7000多個堂會，其全國總部設在紐約第二大道815號，聖公會人士常簡稱為「815」[9]。
神學院
[編輯]- Berkeley Divinity School at Yale, New Haven, Connecticut
- Bexley Hall Seabury Western Theological Seminary Federation:
- Bexley Hall, Bexley, Ohio
- Seabury-Western Theological Seminary, Chicago, Illinois
- Church Divinity School of the Pacific, Berkeley, California
- 聖公會總會神學院 , New York City
- Nashotah House , Nashotah, Wisconsin
- School of Theology at The University of the South , Sewanee, Tennessee
- Seminary of the Southwest , Austin, Texas
- Trinity School for Ministry , Ambridge, Pennsylvania
- 維珍尼亞神學院 , Alexandria, Virginia
爭議
[編輯]按立婦女
[編輯]2006年6月18日，選出新任主席主教，來自內華達州教區的蕭寬寧主教於2006年底在華盛頓國家座堂舉行就職典禮。她是聖公宗歷史上第一位女性首席主教。
LGBT
[編輯]2003年11月2日，美國聖公會按立公開的男同志羅賓遜為新罕布什爾州教區主教，引起軒然大波。這次按立，直接引至由全球保守派聖公會主教組成的聖公會南半球聯盟於2008年6月22日，在耶路撒冷舉行首次全球聖公宗前途會議。
美國聖公會代表組織重新確定對LGBT的立場，表示LGBT信徒是美國教會「不可缺少」的一部分。[10]
2012年7月10日，美國聖公會在印第安納波利斯召開的聖公會總會。「代表會議」以171票贊成、50票反對的結果，投票壓倒性地通過一項名為「終身契約之見證與祝福」的提案，同意各教區主教為同性伴侶舉行宗教上的祝福儀式，包括目前已承認同性婚姻的州內也可施行。聖公會發言人戴維居表示，新措施將於12月生效，先實施三年再做評估。聖公會也成為美國首個認可祝福同性婚姻的最大宗教團體。[11]
信徒人數
[編輯]2007年，美國聖公會受洗信徒的人數為2,154,572人，較2006年人數2,205,376人下降4.15% [12][13]。
雖然人數下降是近年來許多主流教派（Oldline Protestant）普遍面臨的問題[14]，不過僅在2003年到2005年，美國聖公會就流失了115,000名信徒，大多是因為按立公開的男同志羅賓遜擔任新罕布什爾主教事件而另行成立北美聖公會而減少[15]。
海外傳教
[編輯]1820年，成立美國聖公會差會。
1835年，美國聖公會決定到中國傳教，Henry Lockwood 和 Francis R. Hanson 無法留在廣州，改去爪哇。1841年文惠廉（William Jones Boone）到澳門，1842年遷到廈門，1845年7月17日，到達上海。主要在中國中部長江流域傳教。1912年加入中華聖公會。
目前美國聖公會的信徒還分佈在美國以外的中南美洲、加勒比海、台灣和歐洲等地。
維基新聞中的相關報導：美國聖公會選出首位女性領袖
參考文獻
[編輯]引用
[編輯]- ^ edited by F. L. Cross.; F. L. Cross (Editor), E. A. Livingstone (Editor). The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd edition. USA: Oxford University Press. 13 March 1997: 554. ISBN 0-19-211655-X.
- ^ Episcopal Church. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Columbia University Press. 2001-05 [2007-09-09]. （原始內容存檔於2008-12-05）.
- ^ Episcopal Church USA. Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. [2007-09-09]. （原始內容存檔於2008-07-27）.
- ^ Authority, Sources of (in Anglicanism). [2017-11-19]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-03）.
- ^ What makes us Anglican? Hallmarks of the Episcopal Church. Episcopalchurch.org. [2008-11-16]. （原始內容存檔於2011-06-12）.
- ^ Full Communion Partners. episcopal church. [2017-11-14]. （原始內容存檔於2017-08-09）.
- ^ Anglicans suspend Episcopal Church over same-sex marriage （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館），Daniel Burke，CNN，2016
- ^ The Anglican Communion Official Website: Iglesia Episcopal de Cuba. [2008-11-15]. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-06）.
- ^ What's Happening at 815? 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2008-07-09.
- ^ Executive Council letter affirms Episcopal Church's welcome to all people. [2017-11-17]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-03）.
We wish clearly to affirm that our position as a church is to welcome all persons, particularly those perceived to be the least among us. We wish to reaffirm to our lesbian and gay members that they remain a welcome and integral part of the Episcopal Church.
- ^ Episcopal Church Approves Gay Couples' Same-Sex Blessings. huffington post. 2012 [2017-11-17]. （原始內容存檔於2018-08-20）.
- ^ Dart, John. Episcopal membership loss 'precipitous'. The Christian Century. 2006-11-14 [2008-05-25]. （原始內容存檔於2010-04-30）.
- ^ From 2005 Parochial Reports. Source: The General Convention Office as of January 2007 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2008-11-13. Retrieved October 25, 2007
- ^ Mainline Protestant churches no longer dominate 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2007-12-31.
- ^ "Episcopal membership loss 'precipitous'" （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）, The Christian Century, November 14, 2006, retrieved 2007-10-27
來源
[編輯]- Adams, Elizabeth. Going to Heaven: The Life and Election of Bishop Gene Robinson. Brooklyn, New York: Soft Skull Press. 2006. ISBN 978-1-933368-22-1.
- Baltzell, E. Digby. The Protestant Establishment: Aristocracy and Caste in America. New York: Random House. 1964.
- Bourgeois, Michael. All Things Human: Henry Codman Potter and the Social Gospel in the Episcopal Church. Studies in Anglican History. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. 2004. ISBN 978-0-252-02877-9.
- Butler, Diana Hochstedt. Standing Against the Whirlwind: Evangelical Episcopalians in Nineteenth-Century America. Religion in America. New York: Oxford University Press. 1995. ISBN 978-0-19-508542-6.
- Bell, James B. A War of Religion: Dissenters, Anglicans, and the American Revolution. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan. 2008. ISBN 978-0-230-54297-6.
- Clark, Jennifer. 'Church of Our Fathers': The Development of the Protestant Episcopal Church Within the Changing Post-Revolutionary Anglo-American Relationship
. Journal of Religious History. 1994, 18 (1): 27–51. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9809.1994.tb00225.x. - Davidson, James D.; Pyle, Ralph E.; Reyes, David V. Persistence and Change in the Protestant Establishment, 1930–1992. Social Forces. 1995, 74 (1): 157–175. JSTOR 2580627. doi:10.1093/sf/74.1.157.
- Douglas, Ian T. Anglican Mission in Changing Times: A Brief Institutional History of the Episcopal Church, USA. Roozen, David A.; Nieman, James R. (編). Church, Identity, and Change: Theology and Denominational Structures in Unsettled Times. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 2005: 188–197. ISBN 978-0-8028-2819-4.
- Frum, David. How We Got Here: The '70s. New York City: Basic Books. 2000. ISBN 978-0-465-04195-4.
- Hacker, Andrew. Liberal Democracy and Social Control. American Political Science Review. 1957, 51 (4): 1009–1026. JSTOR 1952449. doi:10.2307/1952449.
- Hein, David; Shattuck, Gardiner H, Jr. The Episcopalians. New York: Church Publishing. 2004. ISBN 978-0-89869-497-0.
- Mason, Lockert B. Separation and Reunion of the Episcopal Church, 1860–1865: The Role of Bishop Thomas Atkinson. Anglican and Episcopal History. 1990, 59 (3): 345–365. JSTOR 42610426.
- Piepkorn, Arthur Carl. Profiles in Belief: The Religious Bodies of the United States and Canada. New York: Harper & Row. 1977. ISBN 978-0-06-066580-7.
- Podmore, Colin. A Tale of Two Churches: The Ecclesiologies of The Episcopal Church and the Church of England Compared. International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church. 2008, 8 (2): 124–154. doi:10.1080/14742250801930822.
- Reeder, Kathleen E. Whose Church Is It, Anyway? Property Disputes and Episcopal Church Splits. Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems. 2006, 40 (2): 125–171.
- Swatos, William H, Jr. A Primacy of Systems: Confederation, Cooperation, and Communion. Roozen, David A.; Nieman, James R. (編). Church, Identity, and Change: Theology and Denominational Structures in Unsettled Times. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 2005: 198–226. ISBN 978-0-8028-2819-4.
- Sydnor, William. Looking at the Episcopal Church. Morehouse Publishing. 1980. ISBN 978-0-8192-1279-5.
- Williams, Peter W. The Gospel of Wealth and the Gospel of Art: Episcopalians and Cultural Philanthropy from the Gilded Age to the Depression. Anglican and Episcopal History. 2006, 75 (2): 170–223. JSTOR 42612970.
- Zahl, Paul F. M. The Protestant Face of Anglicanism. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 1998. ISBN 978-0-8028-4597-9.
延伸閱讀
[編輯]- Anglican & Episcopal History—The Journal of the Historical Society of the Episcopal Church (articles, church reviews, and book reviews).
- Articles on leading Episcopalians, both lay (e.g., George Washington, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Frances Perkins) and ordained, in American National Biography. (1999). Edited by John A. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes. New York: Oxford Univ. Press. Also 100 biographical articles in Hein and Shattuck, The Episcopalians: see below.
- A Brief History of the Episcopal Church. Holmes, David L. (1993). Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International.
- A Dictionary for Episcopalians. Wall, John N. (2000). Boston, MA: Cowley Publications.
- Documents of Witness: A History of the Episcopal Church, 1782–1985. Armentrout, Don S., & Slocum, Robert Boak. (1994). New York: Church Hymnal Corporation.
- Readings from the History of the Episcopal Church. Prichard, Robert W. (Ed.). (1986). Wilton, CT: Morehouse-Barlow.
- The Episcopal Clerical Directory. New York: Church Publishing.
- An Episcopal Dictionary of the Church: A User Friendly Reference for Episcopalians. Armentrout, Don S., & Slocum, Robert Boak. (Eds.). ([1999]). New York: Church Publishing Incorporated.
- About the Concordat: 28 Questions about the Agreement between the Episcopal Church and the Evangelical Church of America [i.e. the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America], prepared by the Ecumenical Relations Office of the Episcopal Church. Cincinnati, Ohio: Forward Movement Publications, [1997?]. 43 p. Without ISBN
- A Commentary on [the Episcopal Church/Evangelical Lutheran Church in America] Concordat of Agreement, ed. by James E. Griffes and Daniel Martensen. Minneapolis, Minn.: Augsburg-Fortress; Cincinnati, Ohio: Forward Movement Publications, 1994. 159 p. ISBN 0-8066-2690-9
- Concordat of Agreement [between the Episcopal Church and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]: Supporting Essays, ed. by Daniel F. Martensen. Minneapolis, Minn.: Augsburg-Fortress; Cincinnati, Ohio: Forward Movement Publications, 1995. 234 p. ISBN 0-8066-2667-4
- Seltser, Barry Jay. Episcopalian Crisis: Authority, Homosexuality & the Future of Anglicanism. Commonweal. 19 May 2006, 133 (10) [December 19, 2006]. （原始內容存檔於20 October 2007）.
|author=和|last1=只需其一 (幫助) An essay on Hooker and the present discontents. - The History of the Episcopal Church in America, 1607–1991: A Bibliography. Caldwell, Sandra M., & Caldwell, Ronald J. (1993). New York: Garland Publishing.
- Shattuck, Gardiner H, Jr. Episcopalians and Race: Civil War to Civil Rights. Religion in the South. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. 2000. ISBN 978-0-8131-2149-9.
- Jamestown Commitment: the Episcopal Church [i.e. the Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.S.A.] and the American Indian, by Owanah Anderson. Cincinnati, Ohio: Forward Movement Publications (1988). 170 p. ISBN 0-88028-082-4
- Mullin, Robert Bruce. "Trends in the Study of the History of the Episcopal Church," Anglican and Episcopal History, June 2003, Vol. 72 Issue 2, pp 153–165, historiography
- New Georgia Encyclopedia article on the Episcopal Church in the U.S. South （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
- "The Forgotten Evangelicals: Virginia Episcopalians, 1790–1876". Waukechon, John Frank. Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001, Vol. 61, Issue 8, pp. 3322–3322.
- Tarter, Brent. Reflections on the Church of England in Colonial Virginia. Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 2004, 112 (4): 338–371. JSTOR 4250211. doi:10.2307/4250211.
- Noble Powell and the Episcopal Establishment in the Twentieth Century. Hein, David. (2001, 2007). Urbana: University of Illinois Press; paperback reprint, Eugene, Ore.: Wipf & Stock.
- Rewriting History: Scapegoating the Episcopal Church （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. Savitri Hensman. Ekklesia. 2007.
