方向—社會民主黨
方向—社會民主黨 Smer – sociálna demokracia | |
|---|---|
 方向—社會民主黨標誌 | |
| 簡稱 | Smer |
| 領袖 | 羅伯特·菲佐 |
| 副領袖 | |
| 總書記 | 馬里安·薩隆 |
| 創始人 | 羅伯特·菲佐 |
| 成立 | 1999年11月8日 |
| 分裂自 | 民主左翼黨 |
| 總部 | Súmračná 3263/25, 82102 布拉迪斯拉發 |
| 青年組織 | 青年社會民主人士 |
| 黨員 （2022） | ▲ 13,095[1] |
| 意識形態 | |
| 政治立場 | 中間偏左[23]至左翼[24] |
| 歐洲組織 | 歐洲社會黨（停權）[25] |
| 國際組織 | |
| 歐洲議會黨團 | 無所屬[26] |
| 官方色彩 | |
| 口號 | 穩定、秩序和社會保障[27] |
| 國民議會 | 42 / 150 |
| 歐洲議會 | 5 / 15 |
| 區份州長[28] | 1 / 8 |
| 區份議會[28] | 50 / 419 |
| 市長[28] | 516 / 2,904 |
| 地方議員[28] | 2,364 / 20,462 |
| 官方網站 | |
| strana-smer | |
| 斯洛伐克政治 政黨 · 選舉 | |
方向—社會民主黨（斯洛伐克語：Smer – sociálna demokracia），簡稱方向黨，是斯洛伐克的左翼民族主義和左翼保守主義政黨。領導人為斯洛伐克總理羅伯特·菲佐。該黨自視為社會民主主義，並被描述為「左翼經濟政策與民族主義訴求的結合體」[29]。
歷史
[編輯]早期
[編輯]該黨最初名為方向，是1999年從民主左翼黨分裂而來。在當時極受歡迎的政治人物菲喬領導下，很快就超越民主左翼黨。而前身為斯洛伐克共產黨的執政黨民主左翼黨的支持率則不斷下滑。2003年，該黨更名為方向（第三條道路）[30]。2004年，擁有25席的方向－社會民主黨為議會第三大黨。2005年1月1日，民主左翼黨、社會民主替代和斯洛伐克社會民主黨併入該黨，遂改名為「方向—社會民主黨」。
首次執政
[編輯]在2006年斯洛伐克議會選舉中，方向—社會民主黨得票率達29.1%，囊獲50席。之後，方向黨與人民黨—爭取民主斯洛伐克運動、極右派民族主義政黨斯洛伐克民族黨組成執政聯盟。[31][32][33][34]因此，2006年方向黨遭歐洲社會黨暫時停權。歐洲社會黨認為斯洛伐克民族黨為「煽動或企圖挑起種族或民族偏見與種族仇恨的政黨」。[35]歐洲社會黨主席波爾·尼魯普·拉斯穆森表示「我們大多數成員堅持著我們的價值觀，與極端右派組成聯盟無法接受」。[36]2008年撤銷處分。
雖然方向－社會民主黨在2010年斯洛伐克議會選舉中繼續蟬聯第一大黨寶座，取得62席，並領先第二大黨保守派的斯洛伐克民主與基督教聯盟－民主黨[37]，但他們因失去執政夥伴而未能組閣。人民黨–民主斯洛伐克運動未能跨越5%門檻，而斯洛伐克民族黨滑落至9席。因此，四個中間偏右反對黨－斯洛伐克民主與基督教聯盟－民主黨、自由與團結黨、基督教民主運動、橋黨籌組新政府。[38]
2012年斯洛伐克議會選舉，3月12日，方向－社會民主黨以83席取得絕對多數地位，獲得44.4%的選票，成為國民議會第一大黨，並拿下絕對多數的83席席次（全部150席），實現組建自1993年以來的首個單一執政黨執政的政府。[39]
2014年4月，方向－社會民主黨總統候選人菲喬在第二輪投票敗給獲右派支持的獨立候選人。
2016年斯洛伐克議會選舉，方向－社會民主黨議席減至49席，仍為國民議會第一大黨。最終方向—社會民主黨與三個右派政黨組成聯合政府，聯合政府在國會150席中有85席。而後因為連線黨解散的關係所以在國會的席次降低至79席。
2023年斯洛伐克國民議會選舉中，在羅伯特·菲佐帶領下，方向—社會民主黨贏得勝利，得票率為22.94%；由於未能取得半數以上席位，方向黨需要與其他政黨組成聯合內閣。[40]
選舉結果
[編輯]國民議會
[編輯]| 時間 | 領導 | 得票數 | 得票率 | 席位 | 名次 | 是否執政 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | 羅伯特·菲佐 | 387,100 | 13.46 | 25 / 150
|
第3 | 否 |
| 2006 | 羅伯特·菲佐 | 671,185 ▲ | 29.14 ▲ | 50 / 150
|
第1▲ | 是 |
| 2010 | 羅伯特·菲佐 | 880,111 ▲ | 34.79 ▲ | 62 / 150
|
第1 | 否 |
| 2012 | 羅伯特·菲佐 | 1,134,180 ▲ | 44.41 ▲ | 83 / 150
|
第1 | 是 |
| 2016 | 羅伯特·菲佐 | 737,481 ▼ | 28.28 ▼ | 49 / 150
|
第1 | 是 |
| 2020 | 彼得·佩萊格里尼 | 527,172 ▼ | 18.29 ▼ | 38 / 150
|
第2▼ | 否 |
| 2023 | 羅伯特·菲佐 | 681,017 ▲ | 22.95 ▲ | 42 / 150
|
第1▲ | 是 |
總統選舉
[編輯]| 時間 | 候選人 | 第一輪 | 第二輪 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 得票數 | 得票率 | 結果 | 得票數 | 得票率 | 結果 | ||
| 2004 | 伊萬·蓋斯巴洛維奇 | 442,564 | 22.28 | 晉級第二輪 | 1,079,592 | 59.91 | 當選 |
| 2009 | 伊萬·蓋斯巴洛維奇 | 876,061 | 46.71 | 晉級第二輪 | 1,234,787 | 55.53 | 當選 |
| 2014 | 羅伯特·菲佐 | 531,919 | 28.00 | 晉級第二輪 | 893,841 | 40.61 | 未能當選 |
歐洲議會
[編輯]| 時間 | 得票數 | 得票率 | 席位 | 名次 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | 118,535 | 16.89 | 3 / 14
|
第3 |
| 2009 | 264,722 ▲ | 32.01 ▲ | 5 / 13
|
第1 ▲ |
| 2014 | 135,189 ▼ | 24.09 ▼ | 4 / 13
|
第1 |
| 2019 | 154,996 ▲ | 15.72 ▼ | 3 / 14
|
第2 ▼ |
參考文獻
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Following in the path of the social democratic party Smer in Slovakia, the social democrats in the Czech Republic and Romania are well positioned to benefit from this.
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. That did not imply electoral punishment for the social-democratic Smer party. The party won more votes than in the previous elections in 2006, but failure by its previous coalition allies meant that the right succeeded thanks to its ability to lead a viable coalition.
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The election was won by the ruling social democratic Smer-SD, which got 4 of 13 seats.
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Moreover, the Social Democratic Smer–SD and the economically liberal SaS both have some elements typical of social conservatism.
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This brought (Soft) Euroscepticism into the core of the party system involving not just right-wing conservative parties such as Law and Justice in Poland and Fidesz in Hungary, but centre-left governing parties such as the Czech Social Democrats and the social democratic Smer (Direction) party in Slovakia.
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被他刺殺的總理菲佐領導的執政聯盟，也涵蓋了從左翼保守主義到極右翼的多元黨派。
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He was Slovakia’s representative to the European court of human rights from 1994 to 2000 and set up his centre-left Smer-SD party in 1999 after being turned down for a ministerial post by the Democratic Left, the Communists』 political heirs.
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Slovakia is approaching critical parliamentary elections. On 29 February voters will decide whether the main centre-left coalition party Smer-SD – which has led governments almost uninterrupted since 2006 – will stay in power, or whether the predominantly liberal opposition will force a change in government.
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Elections in Slovakia to the National Council, scheduled for 29 February, will likely confirm the continued falling support for the centre-left Smer-Social Democracy (Smer).
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- ^
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Fico's leftist, populist SMER-SSD (Direction-Slovak Social Democracy) struck a deal last week with the centre-left HLAS (Voice) and nationalist Slovak National Party (SNS) to form a coalition that will have 79 out of 150 seats in parliament.
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The leftist Smer, or Direction, party captured 22.9% of the vote in Slovakia's Sept 30 parliamentary election.
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Following Tuesday’s announcement by the social democratic Hlas (Voice) party, which finished third in the September 30 election with 14.7 percent, that it would focus on coalition talks with leftist-populist Smer (Direction), the victor of the ballot with 23 percent, the two parties on Wednesday announced agreement on forming a ruling coalition.
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The only potential exception appears to be the period from 2012 to 2016, but it is important to note that in that period, Direction—Social Democracy (SMER-Sociálna Demokracia; SMER) was the sole governing party and at the same time the only left-wing party in the parliament.
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外部連結
[編輯]- （斯洛伐克文） 官方網站
