弗拉芒利益

弗拉芒利益
Vlaams Belang
弗拉芒利益; Vlaams Belang
	弗拉芒利益標誌
領袖	湯姆·范赫里肯（英語：Tom Van Grieken）
成立	2004年11月14日
前身	弗拉芒集團（荷蘭語：Vlaams Blok）
總部	Madouplein 8 bus 9; 1210 Brussels
青年組織	Vlaams Belang Jongeren
意識形態	弗拉芒民族主義; 分離主義; 民族保守主義; 社會保守主義; 歐洲懷疑主義; 右翼民粹主義
政治立場	右翼至極右翼
歐洲議會黨團	無所屬
官方色彩	黃色、黑色
眾議院	12 / 150
參議院	3 / 40
弗拉芒議會	20 / 124
布魯塞爾-首都大區議會	3 / 89
歐洲議會	2 / 22
官方網站
	www.vlaamsbelang.org
	比利時政治; 政黨 · 選舉

弗拉芒利益（荷蘭語：Vlaams Belang，發音：[ˈvlaːmz bəˈlɑŋ] （^ⓘ），縮寫為VB），比利時荷蘭語極右翼政黨，成立於2004年。由於其種族主義及反移民的言行，所有其他比利時荷語區及法語區政黨均宣稱不會在聯合政府中與其合作。

1978年12月，弗拉芒國家黨（荷蘭語：Vlaams Nationale Partij）與弗拉芒人民黨（荷蘭語：Vlaamse Volkspartij (1977)）合併為弗拉芒集團（荷蘭語：Vlaams Blok）。2004年，更名為弗拉芒利益黨。

黨主席

2004年−2008年：弗蘭克·范海赫克（英語：Frank Vanhecke）
2008年−2012年：布呂諾·法爾克尼爾斯（英語：Bruno Valkeniers）
2012年−2014年：赫羅爾夫·安內曼斯（英語：Gerolf Annemans）
2014年至今：湯姆·范赫里肯（英語：Tom Van Grieken）

爭議

2023年12月15日，根據德國《明鏡周刊》、法國《世界報》和英國《金融時報》的聯合調查，一名中華人民共和國國家安全部官員收買比利時議員弗蘭克·克雷耶爾曼三年多，該官員在傳給克雷耶爾曼的簡訊中寫道「我們目的是分裂美國與歐洲的關係」，該官員也要求克雷耶爾曼協助擾亂一場有關台灣的會議，兩人也討論花錢收買一名中間人去影響一位天主教樞機主教發出不要把COVID-19政治化的警告。據報導，中國國安部的大部分間諜活動都是透過省級部門進行，而在歐洲的行動中，浙江具有「首要地位」^[9]。新聞曝光後，克雷耶爾曼所屬的弗拉芒利益黨已將其開除^[10]。

書目

Coffé, Hilde. The adaptation of the extreme right's discourse: the case of the Vlaams Blok. Ethical Perspectives: Journal of the European Ethics Network 12 (European Centre for Ethics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven). 2005, (2): 205–230 [2019-10-18]. （原始內容存檔於2012-02-29）.
De Winter, Lieven. Casals, Xavier , 編. The Vlaams Blok and the heritage of extreme-right flemish-nationalism (PDF). The extreme right in Europe, a many faceted reality. Sabadell University. July 2004 [2020-10-09]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-02-06）.
Erik, Jan. From Vlaams Blok to Vlaams Belang: The Belgian Far-Right Renames Itself. West European Politics. May 2005, 28 (3): 493–502. doi:10.1080/01402380500085681.
Swyngedouw, Marc; Abts, Koen; Van Craaen, Maarten. Our Own People First in a Europe of Peoples: The International Policy of the Vlaams Blok. Liang, Christina Schori (編). Europe for the Europeans: the foreign and security policy of the populist radical right. Ashgate. 2007: 81–102 [2019-10-18]. ISBN 978-0-7546-4851-2. （原始內容存檔於2016-12-28）.

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Wingfield, George. Belgium. Infobase Publishing. 2008: 104 [2011-12-18]. ISBN 9780791096703. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-07）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Nordsieck, Wolfram. Flanders/Belgium. Parties and Elections in Europe. 2019 [2019-05-30]. （原始內容存檔於2019-08-31）.
^ Thompson, Wayne C. Western Europe 2008. Stryker Post Pubns. 2008: 201. ISBN 9781887985987.
^ Bèland, Daniel. Nationalism and Social Policy. Oxford University Press. 2008: 196.
^ Belgians' pride in EU role quells euroscepticism （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. EUobserver. Published 6 May 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
^ Hans-Jürgen Bieling. Uneven development and 'European crisis constitutionalism', or the reasons for and conditions of a 'passive revolution in trouble'. Johannes Jäger; Elisabeth Springler (編). Asymmetric Crisis in Europe and Possible Futures: Critical Political Economy and Post-Keynesian Perspectives. Routledge. 2015: 110 [2020-05-25]. ISBN 978-1-317-65298-4. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-10）.
^ Political Geography （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
p.145
Google Books.
Authors - Joe Painter and Alex Jeffery.
Published by Sage in Los Angeles, United States.
First published in 2009.
^
- Art, David. Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2011: 106–107.
- Coffé, Hilde; Dewulf, Jeroen. Wavering between Radical and Moderate: The Discourse of the Vlaams Belang in Flanders (Belgium). Doublespeak: The Rhetoric of the Far Right since 1945 (ibidem). 2014: 162–163.
- Downs, William M. Political Extremism in Democracies: Combating Intolerance. Palgrave Macmillan. 2012: 6, 85.
- Erk, Jan. From Vlaams Blok to Vlaams Belang: The Belgian Far-Right Renames Itself. West European Politics. 2005, 28 (3): 493–502. doi:10.1080/01402380500085681.
- Hainsworth, Paul. The Extreme Right in Western Europe. Routledge. 2008: 6.
- Jamin, Jérôme. Extreme-Right Discourse in Belgium: A Comparative Regional Approach. Mapping the Extreme Right in Contemporary Europe: From Local to Transnational (Routledge). 2012: 68.
- Laible, Janet. 'Back to the Future' with Vlaams Belang? Flemish Nationalism as a Modernizing Project in a Post-Modern European Union. Multiplicity of Nationalism in Contemporary Europe (Lexington Books). 2010: 136, 142.
- Leman, Johan. 'Flemish Interest' (VB) and Islamophobia: Political, legal and judicial dealings. From the Far Right to the Mainstream: Islamophobia in Party Politics and the Media (Campus Verlag). 2012: 69–90.
- Vogt, Roland. Belgium: A Nation-State without a National Identity?. European National Identities: Elements, Transitions, Conflicts (Transaction). 2014: 14.
^ 中國國家安全部收買比利時極右派議員促擾亂海外挺台會議. 中央社. 2023-12-15 [2023-12-16]. （原始內容存檔於2023-12-17）.
^ 比利時前議員被中國收買所屬政黨開除、親俄歷史引議. 中央社. 2023-12-16 [2023-12-16]. （原始內容存檔於2023-12-17）.

外部連結

Official web page

[gw-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Wingfield, George. Belgium. Infobase Publishing. 2008: 104 [2011-12-18]. ISBN 9780791096703. （原始內容存檔於2014-07-07）.

[Nordsieck-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Nordsieck, Wolfram. Flanders/Belgium. Parties and Elections in Europe. 2019 [2019-05-30]. （原始內容存檔於2019-08-31）.

[wt-3] Thompson, Wayne C. Western Europe 2008. Stryker Post Pubns. 2008: 201. ISBN 9781887985987.

[4] Bèland, Daniel. Nationalism and Social Policy. Oxford University Press. 2008: 196.

[5] Belgians' pride in EU role quells euroscepticism （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. EUobserver. Published 6 May 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2017.

[Bieling2015-6] Hans-Jürgen Bieling. Uneven development and 'European crisis constitutionalism', or the reasons for and conditions of a 'passive revolution in trouble'. Johannes Jäger; Elisabeth Springler (編). Asymmetric Crisis in Europe and Possible Futures: Critical Political Economy and Post-Keynesian Perspectives. Routledge. 2015: 110 [2020-05-25]. ISBN 978-1-317-65298-4. （原始內容存檔於2016-06-10）.

[7] Political Geography （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
p.145
Google Books.
Authors - Joe Painter and Alex Jeffery.
Published by Sage in Los Angeles, United States.
First published in 2009.

[8] 
Art, David. Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2011: 106–107.

Coffé, Hilde; Dewulf, Jeroen. Wavering between Radical and Moderate: The Discourse of the Vlaams Belang in Flanders (Belgium). Doublespeak: The Rhetoric of the Far Right since 1945 (ibidem). 2014: 162–163.

Downs, William M. Political Extremism in Democracies: Combating Intolerance. Palgrave Macmillan. 2012: 6, 85.

Erk, Jan. From Vlaams Blok to Vlaams Belang: The Belgian Far-Right Renames Itself. West European Politics. 2005, 28 (3): 493–502. doi:10.1080/01402380500085681.

Hainsworth, Paul. The Extreme Right in Western Europe. Routledge. 2008: 6.

Jamin, Jérôme. Extreme-Right Discourse in Belgium: A Comparative Regional Approach. Mapping the Extreme Right in Contemporary Europe: From Local to Transnational (Routledge). 2012: 68.

Laible, Janet. 'Back to the Future' with Vlaams Belang? Flemish Nationalism as a Modernizing Project in a Post-Modern European Union. Multiplicity of Nationalism in Contemporary Europe (Lexington Books). 2010: 136, 142.

Leman, Johan. 'Flemish Interest' (VB) and Islamophobia: Political, legal and judicial dealings. From the Far Right to the Mainstream: Islamophobia in Party Politics and the Media (Campus Verlag). 2012: 69–90.

Vogt, Roland. Belgium: A Nation-State without a National Identity?. European National Identities: Elements, Transitions, Conflicts (Transaction). 2014: 14.

[9] Art, David. Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press. 2011: 106–107.

[10] Coffé, Hilde; Dewulf, Jeroen. Wavering between Radical and Moderate: The Discourse of the Vlaams Belang in Flanders (Belgium). Doublespeak: The Rhetoric of the Far Right since 1945 (ibidem). 2014: 162–163.

[11] Downs, William M. Political Extremism in Democracies: Combating Intolerance. Palgrave Macmillan. 2012: 6, 85.

[12] Erk, Jan. From Vlaams Blok to Vlaams Belang: The Belgian Far-Right Renames Itself. West European Politics. 2005, 28 (3): 493–502. doi:10.1080/01402380500085681.

[13] Hainsworth, Paul. The Extreme Right in Western Europe. Routledge. 2008: 6.

[14] Jamin, Jérôme. Extreme-Right Discourse in Belgium: A Comparative Regional Approach. Mapping the Extreme Right in Contemporary Europe: From Local to Transnational (Routledge). 2012: 68.

[15] Laible, Janet. 'Back to the Future' with Vlaams Belang? Flemish Nationalism as a Modernizing Project in a Post-Modern European Union. Multiplicity of Nationalism in Contemporary Europe (Lexington Books). 2010: 136, 142.

[16] Leman, Johan. 'Flemish Interest' (VB) and Islamophobia: Political, legal and judicial dealings. From the Far Right to the Mainstream: Islamophobia in Party Politics and the Media (Campus Verlag). 2012: 69–90.

[17] Vogt, Roland. Belgium: A Nation-State without a National Identity?. European National Identities: Elements, Transitions, Conflicts (Transaction). 2014: 14.

[9] 中國國家安全部收買比利時極右派議員促擾亂海外挺台會議. 中央社. 2023-12-15 [2023-12-16]. （原始內容存檔於2023-12-17）.

[10] 比利時前議員被中國收買所屬政黨開除、親俄歷史引議. 中央社. 2023-12-16 [2023-12-16]. （原始內容存檔於2023-12-17）.

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