伊拉克土耳其曼人

伊拉克土耳其曼人
Irak Türkmenleri
伊拉克土耳其曼人; Irak Türkmenleri
	伊拉克土耳其曼人官方旗幟
總人口
	3 million (2013 Iraqi Ministry of Planning estimate) ; Estimated 4 million to 5 million (or 10%-13% of the Iraqi population in 2020-21)
分佈地區
	主要在土耳其曼尼地區
語言
	伊拉克土耳其語（英語：Iraqi Turkmen#Language）和標準土耳其語 ; 少數為美索不達米亞阿拉伯語, 庫爾德語
宗教信仰
	多數為伊斯蘭教 (遜尼派; 什葉派); 少數為基督教 (天主教)
相關族群
	黎巴嫩土耳其人（英語：Turks in Lebanon） · 敘利亞土耳其曼人

伊拉克土耳其曼人是土耳其人在伊拉克的分支。人口估計由50萬至450萬人不等。

歷史

他們最早七世紀來到伊拉克，是阿拔斯王朝哈里發的伊拉克總督的馬木留克，當時有1000人。之後塞爾柱帝國與鄂圖曼帝國也有土耳其人住在伊拉克，十七世紀後正式成為伊拉克民族一部分。

人口

他們主要分布於土耳其曼尼一帶，基爾庫克人數最多，一般認為人口大概三百萬。他們是伊拉克第三大民族。

宗教

他們多數是穆斯林，分遜尼派與什葉派。還有數量不多的基督徒土耳其曼人。

參考文獻

^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為Triana的參考文獻提供內容
^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為Bassem2016的參考文獻提供內容
^ Tastekin, Fehim. Why Iraqi Turkmens are excluded from the new government. Al-Monitor. 2018 [12 September 2021]. （原始內容存檔於12 September 2021）. Turkmens are said to be 10-13% of the overall Iraqi population, but that ratio is not reflected in parliament.
^ Dolamari, Mewan. 'Turkmens marginalized in Mosul liberation'. Kurdistan24. 2016 [12 September 2021]. （原始內容存檔於12 September 2021）. Turkmens in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region... represent the third largest ethnic group in Iraq (13 percent of the population).
^ Güger, M. Birol. Erşat Salihi'nin istifası, iç savaş senaryoları ve Irak Türklerinin geleceği. Cumhuriyet. 2021 [12 September 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-28）. Peki, bu durumda Irak’ta yaşayan 4 milyon Türk ne ile karşılaşacak?
^ Sari, Esra. Irak'ta 5 milyon Türkmen yaşıyor. Ticari Hayat. 2020 [12 September 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-26）. Irak’ta yaklaşık 5 milyon Türkmen yaşamaktadır.
^ Johanson, Lars, Turkic, Cambridge University Press: 98–99, 2021 [2022-05-04], ISBN 9781009038218, （原始內容存檔於2022-05-04）, Turkish is the largest and most vigorous Turkic language, spoken by over 80 million people, a third of the total number of Turkic-speakers... Turkish is a recognized regional minority language in North Macedonia, Kosovo, Romania, and Iraq.
^ Jawhar 2010，第313–328頁: "In short, Iraqi Turkmen are a unique ethnic group; they are predominantly Muslim and divided into two main sects: Shiites (40%) Sunnites (60%), and have strong cultural ties with Turkey"
^ 引用錯誤：沒有為名為Oğuzlu313的參考文獻提供內容
^ Mina al-Lami. Iraq: The minorities of Nineveh. BBC. July 21, 2014. （原始內容存檔於May 14, 2020）.
^ Shams, Alex. Iraq's Turkmen mobilise for a post-ISIL future. www.aljazeera.com. [2022-05-04]. （原始內容存檔於2022-05-13）.

[Triana-1] 引用錯誤：沒有為名為Triana的參考文獻提供內容

[Bassem2016-2] 引用錯誤：沒有為名為Bassem2016的參考文獻提供內容

[Tastekin2018-3] Tastekin, Fehim. Why Iraqi Turkmens are excluded from the new government. Al-Monitor. 2018 [12 September 2021]. （原始內容存檔於12 September 2021）. Turkmens are said to be 10-13% of the overall Iraqi population, but that ratio is not reflected in parliament.

[Dolamari2016-4] Dolamari, Mewan. 'Turkmens marginalized in Mosul liberation'. Kurdistan24. 2016 [12 September 2021]. （原始內容存檔於12 September 2021）. Turkmens in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region... represent the third largest ethnic group in Iraq (13 percent of the population).

[Güger2021-5] Güger, M. Birol. Erşat Salihi'nin istifası, iç savaş senaryoları ve Irak Türklerinin geleceği. Cumhuriyet. 2021 [12 September 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-28）. Peki, bu durumda Irak’ta yaşayan 4 milyon Türk ne ile karşılaşacak?

[Sari2020-6] Sari, Esra. Irak'ta 5 milyon Türkmen yaşıyor. Ticari Hayat. 2020 [12 September 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-26）. Irak’ta yaklaşık 5 milyon Türkmen yaşamaktadır.

[Johanson2021-7] Johanson, Lars, Turkic, Cambridge University Press: 98–99, 2021 [2022-05-04], ISBN 9781009038218, （原始內容存檔於2022-05-04）, Turkish is the largest and most vigorous Turkic language, spoken by over 80 million people, a third of the total number of Turkic-speakers... Turkish is a recognized regional minority language in North Macedonia, Kosovo, Romania, and Iraq.

[Jawar-8] Jawhar 2010，第313–328頁: "In short, Iraqi Turkmen are a unique ethnic group; they are predominantly Muslim and divided into two main sects: Shiites (40%) Sunnites (60%), and have strong cultural ties with Turkey"

[Oğuzlu313-9] 引用錯誤：沒有為名為Oğuzlu313的參考文獻提供內容

[IraqTheMinoritiesOfNineveh-10] Mina al-Lami. Iraq: The minorities of Nineveh. BBC. July 21, 2014. （原始內容存檔於May 14, 2020）.

[auto-11] Shams, Alex. Iraq's Turkmen mobilise for a post-ISIL future. www.aljazeera.com. [2022-05-04]. （原始內容存檔於2022-05-13）.

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