非单配偶制

非一对一伴侣关系（英语：Non-monogamy），或称非单一伴侣关系、非单配偶制、非一夫一妻制，是所有不属于或不严格遵循单一伴侣关系的亲密关系的理论与实践的总称。故而，非一对一伴侣关系囊括婚外性行为、群婚、多元之爱^[1]。这包括但不意味著婚姻不忠，由于有自觉践行非一对一伴侣关系的人要求关系各方都知情同意所处关系并对彼此承诺，不忠在许多非一对一伴侣关系中仍被视为不当行为。^[2]

具体而言，非一对一伴侣关系削弱或消解对排他性的要求，参与其中的个人可以同时维系多向的浪漫关系或（与）性关系。^[3]据引心理学家Jessica Fern，截至2020年9月，约有4%即近1600万美国人正在践行非一对一的伴侣关系^[4]。2016年一项研究表明，超过21%的美国人在人生中尝试过合意的非一对一的伴侣关系^[5]。2020年1月，YouGov的一项民意调查显示，大约三分之一的美国人认为理想的亲密关系应在一定程度上属于非一对一伴侣关系^[6]。

术语

实务中非一对一伴侣关系的许多术语都是含混的，诸如“关系”或“爱”等定义所用概念的定义本身就是主观的。非一对一伴侣关系的一些样式的践行者透过前置定语划清界限，例如“正当的非一对一伴侣关系 (ethically non-monogamous) ”，借此拒斥不忠及通奸。

多配偶制（Polygamy）和多元之爱（Polyamory）时与非一对一伴侣关系混淆。多配偶制则属配偶制度，配偶是正式或事实上的结合；而非一对一伴侣关系涵盖一切不严格遵循单一伴侣关系的关系，不论结合与否，故而包含多配偶制。多元之爱著重在爱恋关系；而非一对一伴侣关系涵盖性、浪漫、亲密等一切伴侣关系，亦无论有无知情合意，因此二者内涵不同，非一对一伴侣关系包含多元之爱。

健康

坊间通常预设非一对一伴侣关系的践行者性传染病感染率较高，但是研究表明他们感染性传染病的风险并不高于单配偶制人群。这是因为非一对一伴侣关系的践行者更有可能定期接受测试，并对其测试结果更加开明，较少对阳性反应感到耻辱，从而选择更佳治疗，进而减少疾病传播。^[7]

参考资料

^ Cf. "Monogamy" in Britannica World Language Dictionary, R.C. Preble (ed.), Oxford-London 1962, p. 1275:1. The practice or principle of marrying only once. opp. to digamy now rare 2. The condition, rule or custom of being married to only one person at a time (opp. to polygamy or bigamy) 1708. 3. Zool. The habit of living in pairs, or having only one mate; The same text repeats The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, W. Little, H.W. Fowler, J. Coulson (ed.), C.T. Onions (rev. & ed.,) Oxford 1969, 3rd edition, vol.1, p.1275; OED Online. March 2010. Oxford University Press. 23 Jun. 2010 Cf. Monogamy 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2015-06-23. in Merriam-Webster Dictionary
^ Balzarini, R. Perceptions of primary and secondary relationships in polyamory. PLOS ONE. 2017, 12 (5): e0177841. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1277841B. PMC 5436896 . PMID 28542619. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177841 .
^ Labriola, Kathy. Are you open to an alternative lifestyle?. Cat & Dragon Communications. 2001 [December 24, 2020]. （原始内容存档于November 20, 2001）.
^ Kavanagh, Jess. Building bridges: How polyamory made me a better friend, lover and person. Irish Times. September 19, 2020 [December 24, 2020]. （原始内容存档于October 3, 2020）.
^ Haupert, M. L.; Gesselman, Amanda N.; Moors, Amy C.; Fisher, Helen E.; Garcia, Justin R. Prevalence of Experiences With Consensual Nonmonogamous Relationships: Findings From Two National Samples of Single Americans. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. 2017-07-04, 43 (5): 424–440. ISSN 0092-623X. PMID 27096488. S2CID 6855648. doi:10.1080/0092623X.2016.1178675.
^ Ballard, Jamie. Millennials are less likely to want a monogamous relationship. YouGov. January 31, 2020 [December 24, 2020]. （原始内容存档于November 3, 2020）.
^ Jj, Lehmiller. A Comparison of Sexual Health History and Practices Among Monogamous and Consensually Nonmonogamous Sexual Partners. The Journal of Sexual Medicine. October 2015, 12 (10): 2022–2028 [2020-05-22]. PMID 26395880. doi:10.1111/jsm.12987. （原始内容存档于2022-11-07）（英语）.

[BRIT-1] Cf. "Monogamy" in Britannica World Language Dictionary, R.C. Preble (ed.), Oxford-London 1962, p. 1275:1. The practice or principle of marrying only once. opp. to digamy now rare 2. The condition, rule or custom of being married to only one person at a time (opp. to polygamy or bigamy) 1708. 3. Zool. The habit of living in pairs, or having only one mate; The same text repeats The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, W. Little, H.W. Fowler, J. Coulson (ed.), C.T. Onions (rev. & ed.,) Oxford 1969, 3rd edition, vol.1, p.1275; OED Online. March 2010. Oxford University Press. 23 Jun. 2010 Cf. Monogamy 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2015-06-23. in Merriam-Webster Dictionary

[2] Balzarini, R. Perceptions of primary and secondary relationships in polyamory. PLOS ONE. 2017, 12 (5): e0177841. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1277841B. PMC 5436896 . PMID 28542619. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177841 .

[3] Labriola, Kathy. Are you open to an alternative lifestyle?. Cat & Dragon Communications. 2001 [December 24, 2020]. （原始内容存档于November 20, 2001）.

[4] Kavanagh, Jess. Building bridges: How polyamory made me a better friend, lover and person. Irish Times. September 19, 2020 [December 24, 2020]. （原始内容存档于October 3, 2020）.

[5] Haupert, M. L.; Gesselman, Amanda N.; Moors, Amy C.; Fisher, Helen E.; Garcia, Justin R. Prevalence of Experiences With Consensual Nonmonogamous Relationships: Findings From Two National Samples of Single Americans. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. 2017-07-04, 43 (5): 424–440. ISSN 0092-623X. PMID 27096488. S2CID 6855648. doi:10.1080/0092623X.2016.1178675.

[6] Ballard, Jamie. Millennials are less likely to want a monogamous relationship. YouGov. January 31, 2020 [December 24, 2020]. （原始内容存档于November 3, 2020）.

[7] Jj, Lehmiller. A Comparison of Sexual Health History and Practices Among Monogamous and Consensually Nonmonogamous Sexual Partners. The Journal of Sexual Medicine. October 2015, 12 (10): 2022–2028 [2020-05-22]. PMID 26395880. doi:10.1111/jsm.12987. （原始内容存档于2022-11-07）（英语）.

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