铁达尼盐单胞菌

铁达尼盐单胞菌
科学分类
域：	细菌域 Bacteria
门：	假单胞菌门 Pseudomonadota
纲：	γ-变形菌纲 Gammaproteobacteria
目：	假单胞菌目 Pseudomonadales
科：	盐单胞菌科 Halomonadaceae
属：	嗜盐单胞菌属 Halomonas
种：	铁达尼盐单胞菌 H. titanicae
二名法
	Halomonas titanicae; Mann, Kaur, Sánchez-Porro & Ventosa 2010

铁达尼盐单胞菌（学名：Halomonas titanicae）是一种会将船身的铁变成铁锈的细菌。在1991年，科学家利用潜水艇到海底观察铁达尼号的状况，发现船身已经生锈，而且形成许多像冰柱或钟乳石形状的“柱状铁锈”，有些铁锈柱甚至比人还要高。科学家根据细菌分解及铁锈行程的速度推测，在未来的三十年内，铁达尼号就会被分解的甚么都不剩，只留下一堆铁锈。虽然这个细菌已被确定为在深海中石油钻井平台和其他人造物体的一个潜在危险，它也有潜力被用在生物修复来加速沉船垃圾的在海底的分解的可能性^[2]^[3]。

细胞形态学

铁达尼盐单胞菌是一种革兰氏阴性杆状细菌，可产生周毛鞭毛。它是过氧化氢酶和氧化酶呈阳性。人们发现它可以形成生物膜，并且一些菌株能够氧化硫代硫酸盐，这是由群体感应调节的^[4] 。由于产生四氢嘧啶、羟基四氢嘧啶、甜菜碱和甘氨酸等分子，它能够承受高渗透压^[5]^[6]。

在腐蚀中的重要性

当没有氧气作为电子受体时，铁达尼盐单胞菌通过将 Fe(III) 还原为 Fe(II) 来参与钢的腐蚀。然而，在有氧条件下，它有助于通过消耗溶解氧来抑制腐蚀^[7]。在铁达尼号和其他沉船事故中，细菌加速了这些结构的腐蚀，因为海洋深处的溶解氧水平非常低^[8]。

参考资料

^ Cristina Sánchez-Porro, Bhavleen Kaur, Henrietta Mann & Antonio Ventosa. Halomonas titanicae sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from the RMS Titanic. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology（英语：International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology）. 2010, 60: 2768–2774. PMID 20061494. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.020628-0.
^ Betsy Mason. Top 10 New Species Discovered in 2010. 连线. May 24, 2011 [June 7, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2014-03-11）.
^ New species of bacteria found in Titanic 'rusticles'. 英国广播公司新闻. December 6, 2010 [June 7, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-17）.
^ Du, Rui; Gao, Di; Wang, Yiting; Liu, Lijun; Cheng, Jingguang; Liu, Jiwen; Zhang, Xiao-Hua; Yu, Min. Heterotrophic Sulfur Oxidation of Halomonas titanicae SOB56 and Its Habitat Adaptation to the Hydrothermal Environment. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2022, 13: 888833. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 9237845 . PMID 35774465. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.888833 .
^ Du, Rui; Gao, Di; Wang, Yiting; Liu, Lijun; Cheng, Jingguang; Liu, Jiwen; Zhang, Xiao-Hua; Yu, Min. Heterotrophic Sulfur Oxidation of Halomonas titanicae SOB56 and Its Habitat Adaptation to the Hydrothermal Environment. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2022, 13: 888833. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 9237845 . PMID 35774465. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.888833 .
^ September 6, 2016, Extremophile Bacteria’ Will Eat Away Wreck of the Titanic by 2030.
^ Wang, Yu; Wu, Jiajia; Sun, Liping; Zhang, Dun; Li, Ee; Xu, Ming; Cai, Haoyuan. Corrosion of EH40 steel affected by Halomonas titanicae dependent on electron acceptors utilized. Corrosion Science. 2021-04-15, 182: 109263. ISSN 0010-938X. S2CID 234187092. doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109263 （英语）.
^ Dissolved Oxygen. Environmental Measurement Systems. [2022-10-03]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-30）（美国英语）.

[1] Cristina Sánchez-Porro, Bhavleen Kaur, Henrietta Mann & Antonio Ventosa. Halomonas titanicae sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from the RMS Titanic. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology（英语：International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology）. 2010, 60: 2768–2774. PMID 20061494. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.020628-0.

[2] Betsy Mason. Top 10 New Species Discovered in 2010. 连线. May 24, 2011 [June 7, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2014-03-11）.

[3] New species of bacteria found in Titanic 'rusticles'. 英国广播公司新闻. December 6, 2010 [June 7, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2018-06-17）.

[:1-4] Du, Rui; Gao, Di; Wang, Yiting; Liu, Lijun; Cheng, Jingguang; Liu, Jiwen; Zhang, Xiao-Hua; Yu, Min. Heterotrophic Sulfur Oxidation of Halomonas titanicae SOB56 and Its Habitat Adaptation to the Hydrothermal Environment. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2022, 13: 888833. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 9237845 . PMID 35774465. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.888833 .

[:12-5] Du, Rui; Gao, Di; Wang, Yiting; Liu, Lijun; Cheng, Jingguang; Liu, Jiwen; Zhang, Xiao-Hua; Yu, Min. Heterotrophic Sulfur Oxidation of Halomonas titanicae SOB56 and Its Habitat Adaptation to the Hydrothermal Environment. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2022, 13: 888833. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 9237845 . PMID 35774465. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.888833 .

[:0-6] September 6, 2016, Extremophile Bacteria’ Will Eat Away Wreck of the Titanic by 2030.

[7] Wang, Yu; Wu, Jiajia; Sun, Liping; Zhang, Dun; Li, Ee; Xu, Ming; Cai, Haoyuan. Corrosion of EH40 steel affected by Halomonas titanicae dependent on electron acceptors utilized. Corrosion Science. 2021-04-15, 182: 109263. ISSN 0010-938X. S2CID 234187092. doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109263 （英语）.

[8] Dissolved Oxygen. Environmental Measurement Systems. [2022-10-03]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-30）（美国英语）.

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