肋蜷科
肋蜷科![]() | |
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Io fluvialis | |
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Athearnia anthonyi | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 软体动物门 Mollusca |
纲: | 腹足纲 Gastropoda |
目: | 吸螺目 Sorbeoconcha |
总科: | 蟹守螺总科 Cerithioidea |
科: | 肋蜷科 Pleuroceridae Fischer, 1885 |
多样性 | |
约150个现存种[1][2] |
肋蜷科(学名:Pleuroceridae),又名黑贝科[3],是腹足纲蟹守螺超科之下的一个科,包括有150多个物种,主要是小型到中型的淡水螺,有鳃[4]和口盖,而且一般来说其物种的螺壳的螺层都很多。
本科物种的繁殖属于多次繁殖(iteroparous):当雌雄异体(gonochoristic)的雌性把卵子排放在坚固的表面上之后,年幼的螺从卵里直接孵化出来,而不经过面盘幼体阶段(veliger stage)。
分布
[编辑]按现时定义,肋蜷科物种只限于在北美洲东岸的淡水生活的淡水螺(但:分布于亚洲东部和北美洲[5])。有部份过往属于肋蜷科,但分布于东亚、东南亚、南亚及非洲的温带及热带海岸的物种,现时已被划归其他科。大多数物种都需要在未受污染的河水或溪流生活,但也有部份物种已习惯了在湖中及水塘里生活。
分类
[编辑]肋蜷科的分类变化颇大。根据甘武(2007)引述,Thiele(1928)、WenZ(1939)及刘月英(1979)认为肋蜷科应被视为黑螺科(Melaniidae)存在;而Yen(1939;1942)、WenZ(1960)及Brown(1980)则认为肋蜷科应归入跑螺科(Thiaridae);但现时的分类都依从Morrison(1954)的分类,按生殖系统的差异而把旧有的黑螺科分成跑螺科、肋蜷科及狭义的黑螺科[4]。
2005年的分类
[编辑]根据2005年布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类,本科有下列两个亚科[6]:
- 肋蜷亚科(Pleurocerinae P. Fischer, 1885) - synonyms: Ceriphasiinae Gill, 1863; Strepomatidae Haldeman, 1864; Ellipstomatidae Hannibal, 1912; Gyrotominae Hannibal, 1912; Anaplocamidae Dall, 1921
- 短沟蜷亚科(Semisulcospirinae Morrison, 1952) - synonym: Jugidae Starobogatov, Prozorova, Bogatov & Sayenko, 2004 (n.a.)
2009年的分类
[编辑]原来在肋蜷科之下的短沟蜷亚科被Strong & Köhler (2009)提升为短沟蜷科(Semisulcospiridae)[7]。这主要包括了短沟蜷属及其他主要在亚洲生活的物种。
现存的属
[编辑]本科物种的线粒体(mitochondrial)高度异质,在整个腹足纲最高,即使包括已独立出去的短沟蜷科亦是。截至2015年年[update],动物学家仍然无法就此作足够可信的解释[5]。
根据上述2009年的分类,现时本科物种都可被归进一个亚科,即下列七个属(包括一个化石属和六个现存属):
- † Anculopsis Yen, 1947
- Athearnia Morrison, 1971
- † Cassiopella White, 1877
- † Circamelania Yen, 1951
- Elimia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854
- Goniobasis I.Lea, 1862
- Goniobasis aberrans Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis biornata Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis bistriata Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis borealis Dall, 1924
- Goniobasis callifera Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis carinosa Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis carterii Conrad, 1869
- Goniobasis characearum Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis convexa (Meek & Hayden, 1856)
- Goniobasis cosinensis Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis dakengensis W.Yü & X.-Q.Zhang, 1982
- Goniobasis diegoensis M.A.Hanna, 1927
- Goniobasis drakei (Arnold & Hannibal, 1912)
- Goniobasis elatior Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis eulimoides (Meek, 1876)
- Goniobasis filifera C.A.White, 1886
- Goniobasis gracilenta Meek, 1876
- Goniobasis hannibali Weaver & Palmer, 1922
- Goniobasis imperfecta Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis increbescens Stanton, 1899
- Goniobasis inflata Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis invenusta (Meek & Hayden, 1857)
- Goniobasis jeffersonensis C.A.White, 1895
- Goniobasis jiangxiensis W.Yü, 1977
- Goniobasis judithensis Stanton & Hatcher, 1905
- Goniobasis leedsensis Yen, 1951
- Goniobasis leslieae Firby, 1966
- Goniobasis marylandica G.C.Martin, 1904
- Goniobasis multicarinata L.S.Russell, 1932
- Goniobasis olequaensis (Arnold & Hannibal, 1912)
- Goniobasis olequahensis Weaver & Palmer, 1922
- Goniobasis omitta (Meek & Hayden, 1857)
- Goniobasis pealei Stanton, 1899
- Goniobasis reducta Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis reticulata Firby, 1966
- Goniobasis rodeoensis (B.L.Clark, 1915)
- Goniobasis sookensis B.L.Clark & Arnold, 1923
- Goniobasis stomatopsidum Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis suavis (Dall, 1913)
- Goniobasis subcarinata Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis sublaevis Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis sublaevus (Meek & Hayden, 1857)
- Goniobasis taylori (Gabb, 1866)
- Goniobasis tenuicosta Stache, 1889
- Goniobasis trigemmata (Conrad, 1860)
- Goniobasis unilirata Naranjo-García & Aguillón, 2019
- Goniobasis veatchii (Gabb, 1864)
- Goniobasis webbi Dyer, 1930
- Goniobasis weldensis J.Henderson, 1934
- Goniobasis whittakeri Dyer, 1930
- Goniobasis williamsi Dyer, 1930
- Gyrotoma Shuttleworth, 1845
- Io (gastropod) Io Lea, 1831:只有Io fluvialis (Say, 1825)一个物种。
- Leptoxis Rafinesque, 1819
- Lithasia Haldeman, 1840
- Lithasiopsis Pilsbry, 1910
- 肋蜷属 Pleurocera Rafinesque, 1818:本科的模式属[6]
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". Hydrobiologia 595: 149-166. doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6.
- ^ Strong, Ellen E.; Colgan, D. J.; Healy, J. M.; Lydeard, C.; Ponder, W. F.; Glaubrecht, M. Phylogeny of the gastropod superfamily Cerithioidea using morphology and molecules. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2011, 162 (1): 43–89. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00670.x (英语).
- ^ 蔡茂荣; 罗鋆; 林国华; 黄明松; 卓鸣莺; 李友松; 程由注. 沼蜷属螺一新种记述 (腹足纲: 黑贝科). 海洋科学 (期刊). 2017, 第41卷 (第11期) [2018-06-12]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-12) (中文(简体)).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 甘武. 江西及其周边地区肋蜷科(Pleuroceridae)分类及生物学研究. 南昌大学硕士学位论文. 2007 [2016-10-30]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-28) (中文(简体)).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Whelan, N. V.; Strong, Ellen E. Morphology, molecules and taxonomy: extreme incongruence in pleurocerids (Gastropoda, Cerithioidea, Pleuroceridae) [形态学、分子生物学和分类学:肋蜷科物种的极端不一致]. Zoologica Scripta. 2015: 26 pp. doi:10.1111/zsc.12139 (英语).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.
- ^ Strong, Ellen E.; Köhler, Frank. Morphological and molecular analysis of "Melania" jacqueti Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906: from anonymous orphan to critical basal offshoot of the Semisulcospiridae (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea). Zoologica Scripta. 2009-08-11, 38 (5): 483–502. ISSN 1463-6409. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00385.x (英语).
延伸阅读
[编辑]- Tryon G. W. (1865). "Observations on the family Strepomatidae". American Journal of Conchology 1(2): 97-135.
- Tryon G. W. (1865). Synonymy of the species of Strepomatidae (melanians) of the United States; with critical observations on their affinities, and descriptions of land, fresh water and marine Mollusca. New York, Ballière Brothers, 520 Broadway, 100 pp., 2 plates.
外部链接
[编辑]- Pleuroceridae. NCBI (英语).
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