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浅肤色

维基百科，自由的百科全书
皮肤白皙的挪威人

浅肤色是指一种颜色较白的肤色，拥有浅肤色的人黑色素较少，而且一般生活在紫外线较弱的地区，他们一般会被称作白人。 [1][2][3]欧洲和东北亚的原住民的肤色较浅。 [4][5][6][7][3][8] 浅肤色人群起初都几乎居住在远离赤道的高纬度地区，这些地方的太阳光强度较低。 [9]

1960年代，生物化学家W. Farnsworth Loomis发现，生活在高纬度的浅肤色人群能吸收更多的维生素D。浅色（菲茨派屈克度量 II 型）皮肤的人产生前维生素D3的速度比深色皮肤（ V 型）的人要快5-10 倍。而一定量的维生素D有助于人体吸收更多的钙。 [10][11][12][13][14]不过深肤色人群可以通过饮食来摄取维生素D，例如 [15][16]驯鹿的肉、内脏和脂肪都含有大量维生素D。 [17]

黑色素可以防止叶酸耗尽出现叶酸缺乏症以及DNA受损。[3][18][19][20] 所以浅肤色人群如果居住在太阳光强度较高的赤道附近时，他们体内叶酸耗竭的风险会增加。如果叶酸耗尽的话，他们会面临更高的DNA损伤、先天性障碍和罹患多种癌症（尤其是皮肤癌的风险。 [3]而且肤色特别浅的人容易出现雀斑。[21][3]肤色非常浅的人（ I 型和II 型）在黑色素细胞中产生的黑色素非常少，并且在紫外线辐射的几乎很难产生黑色素，[22]所以这类人也容易晒伤，并且皮肤下的结缔组织和脱氧核糖核酸会被破坏，过早衰老（英语：Progeroid syndromes）和罹患皮肤癌。[23][24] III-IV型肤色的人在受到紫外线辐射后就能产生黑色素。[25][26]

随著新航路开辟后各大洲人员流动日益频繁，当今世界各地都有浅肤色人群。 [3][27]

蒙古国和满洲的一些人皮肤也比较白皙
阿富汗和巴基斯坦境内的一些浅肤色人群
皮肤白皙的亚述人

参考文献

[编辑]
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检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=淺膚色&oldid=78818762”