南方基地

南方基地（Solid South）是指美国民主党自1877年美国重建时期结束至1964年民权法案成立之间存在的一个选举集团^[1]^[2]。在这一时期，民主党控制了南方各州的立法机构和国会议员，并一度剥夺几乎全部黑人的选举权^[3]。南方基地州份包括阿拉巴马州、阿肯色州、佛罗里达州、乔治亚州、路易斯安那州、密西西比州、北卡罗来纳州、南卡罗来纳州、田纳西州、德克萨斯州和弗吉尼亚州。

参考文献

^ Bullock, Charles S.; Hoffman, Donna R.; Gaddie, Ronald Keith. Regional Variations in the Realignment of American Politics, 1944–2004. Social Science Quarterly. 2006, 87 (3): 494–518. ISSN 0038-4941. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2006.00393.x. The events of 1964 laid open the divisions between the South and national Democrats and elicited distinctly different voter behavior in the two regions. The agitation for civil rights by southern blacks continued white violence toward the civil rights movement, and President Lyndon Johnson's aggressive leadership all facilitated passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. ... In the South, 1964 should be associated with GOP growth while in the Northeast this election contributed to the eradication of Republicans.
^ Stanley, Harold W. Southern Partisan Changes: Dealignment, Realignment or Both?. The Journal of Politics. 1988, 50 (1): 64–88. ISSN 0022-3816. JSTOR 2131041. S2CID 154860857. doi:10.2307/2131041. Events surrounding the presidential election of 1964 marked a watershed in terms of the parties and the South (Pomper, 1972). The Solid South was built around the identification of the Democratic party with the cause of white supremacy. Events before 1964 gave white southerners pause about the linkage between the Democratic Party and white supremacy, but the 1964 election, passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 altered in the minds of most the positions of the national parties on racial issues.
^ Dewey W. Grantham, The Life and Death of the Solid South: A Political History (1992).

[Regional_Variations_in_the_Realignment_of_American_Politics,_1944–2004-1] Bullock, Charles S.; Hoffman, Donna R.; Gaddie, Ronald Keith. Regional Variations in the Realignment of American Politics, 1944–2004. Social Science Quarterly. 2006, 87 (3): 494–518. ISSN 0038-4941. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2006.00393.x. The events of 1964 laid open the divisions between the South and national Democrats and elicited distinctly different voter behavior in the two regions. The agitation for civil rights by southern blacks continued white violence toward the civil rights movement, and President Lyndon Johnson's aggressive leadership all facilitated passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. ... In the South, 1964 should be associated with GOP growth while in the Northeast this election contributed to the eradication of Republicans.

[2] Stanley, Harold W. Southern Partisan Changes: Dealignment, Realignment or Both?. The Journal of Politics. 1988, 50 (1): 64–88. ISSN 0022-3816. JSTOR 2131041. S2CID 154860857. doi:10.2307/2131041. Events surrounding the presidential election of 1964 marked a watershed in terms of the parties and the South (Pomper, 1972). The Solid South was built around the identification of the Democratic party with the cause of white supremacy. Events before 1964 gave white southerners pause about the linkage between the Democratic Party and white supremacy, but the 1964 election, passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 altered in the minds of most the positions of the national parties on racial issues.

[3] Dewey W. Grantham, The Life and Death of the Solid South: A Political History (1992).

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