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User:Heihaheihaha/生殖股神经

维基百科，自由的百科全书
生殖股神经
Plan of lumbar plexus. (Genitofemoral nerve visible at upper left.)
The lumbar plexus and its branches. (Genitofemoral nerve visible at upper left.)
基本信息
來源Lumbar plexus
走向Lumboinguinal, genital branch
支配Cremaster muscle

Anterior scrotum in males

Mons pubis in females
标识字符
拉丁文nervus genitofemoralis
nervus genitalifemoralis
《神经解剖学术语（英语：Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy）》

生殖股神经（genitofemoral nerve）是来自腰丛（L1-L2）前支的一混合神经，分为生殖支和股支，为大腿前上部以及男性阴囊前部皮肤和女性大阴唇前部的皮肤提供感觉神经支配。通过生殖支为提睾肌提供运动神经支配。

结构

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来源及走行

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生殖股神经是腰丛的一个分支。[1]它源自腰（脊）神经L1-L2的前支，在腰大肌内汇合后向下走行，穿过腰大肌并从其前面穿出。[2]

该神经分为两支，即生殖支和股支[1]，这两支随后分别向下和向内侧进入腹股沟管和股管。

分支

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生殖支

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生殖支在腰大肌表面向下延续，然后经腹股沟管深环口进入腹股沟管。[1]在男性中，生殖支支配提睾肌并提供阴囊前2/3皮肤感觉[3]。在女性中，生殖支伴随子宫圆韧带终止，支配大阴唇前部的皮肤感觉。[1]

股支

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The femoral branch passes underneath the inguinal ligament, travelling through the lateral muscular compartment of the femoral sheath where it innervates skin of the upper leg. Passing through the cribriform fascia of the saphenous opening of the fascia lata of the thigh, it then supplies the skin of the upper, anterior and medial side of thigh.[1]

变异

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The genitofemoral nerve typically pierces and passes through the psoas major muscle before bifurcating into a genital branch and a femoral branch midway along its anterior surface. In approximately 25% of cases, the genitofemoral nerve splits into these branches before it enters the psoas major or within the muscle belly of psoas major (with fibers of the psoas major separating the genital and femoral branches). Usually this variation causes the split to be occur earlier in the genitofemoral nerve, at the upper rather than mid-portion of the anterior surface of the psoas major.[4]

胚胎发育

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The genitofemoral nerve is formed in the midsection of the psoas muscle by the union of branches from the anterior rami of L1 and L2 nerve roots

功能

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The genitofemoral nerve is responsible for both the sensory (femoral branch) and motor portions (genital branch) of the cremasteric reflex, which describes contraction of the cremasteric muscle when the skin of the superior medial part of the thigh is touched.[1] :262

其它图像

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  • Deep and superficial dissection of the lumbar plexus.
    Deep and superficial dissection of the lumbar plexus.
  • Genitofemoral nerve
    Genitofemoral nerve

另见

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本條目使用了部分解剖術語（英语：anatomical terminology）。


参考文献

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul. Gray's anatomy for students Pbk. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. 2005: 340–343. ISBN 978-0-443-06612-2. 
  2. ^ Standring, Susan. Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice 42nd. New York. 2020: 1148. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621. 
  3. ^ 张绍祥，张雅芳主编. 局部解剖学 2015年5月第3版第1次印刷. 北京: 人民卫生出版社. 2015: 269. ISBN 978-7-117-20395-1. 
  4. ^ Anloague, Phillip; Huijbregts, Peter. Anatomical Variations of the Lumbar Plexus: A Descriptive Anatomy Study with Proposed Clinical Implications. Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy. 2009, 17 (4): e107–14. PMC 2813498 可免费查阅. PMID 20140146. doi:10.1179/106698109791352201. 

外部链接

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