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织锦芋螺

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织锦芋螺
一隻织锦芋螺的活體，其尾部位於圖右。
保护状况
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无危（IUCN 3.1）[1]
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲： 腹足纲 Gastropoda
目： 新腹足目 Neogastropoda
总科： 芋螺總科 Conoidea
科： 芋螺科 Conidae
属： 芋螺屬 Conus
种：
织锦芋螺 C. textile
二名法
Conus textile
異名[2]

見異名

外观

织锦芋螺（學名：Conus textile）是新腹足目芋螺科芋螺属的一种有毒的海螺物种[3]，處理其活體時要絕對小心[4]。

習性

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如同其他芋螺屬物種，本物種亦是一種會運用毒液的捕食性海螺。牠們的毒液亦會影響人類，可使700人死亡[5]；所以當處理其活體時，務必要小心，要不就不要觸碰。根據一項於2004年發表的報告，织锦芋螺已導致約30人死亡[6]。在2021年，澳洲昆士蘭的一名少年人就因為曾拾起一隻织锦芋螺而幾乎喪命[5]。

分類學

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異名

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  • Conus (Cylinder) textile Linnaeus, 1758 · accepted, alternate representation
  • Conus cholmondeleyi Melvill, 1900
  • Conus communis Swainson, 1840
  • Cylinder concatenatus Kiener, 1845
  • Conus corbula G. B. Sowerby II, 1858
  • Conus dilectus Gould, 1850
  • Conus euetrios G. B. Sowerby III, 1882
  • Conus eumitus Tomlin, 1926
  • Conus panniculus Lamarck, 1810
  • Conus reteaureum Perry, 1811
  • Conus sirventi Fenaux, 1943
  • Conus suzannae van Rossum, 1990
  • Conus textile dahlakensis da Motta, 1982
  • Conus textile var. euetrios G. B. Sowerby III
  • Conus textile var. loman Dautzenberg, 1937
  • Conus textile var. ponderosa Dautzenberg, 1932 (invalid: junior homonym of Conus quercinus var. ponderosa G.B. Sowerby, 1858)
  • Conus textilinus Kiener, 1847 (synonym of Conus textile archiepiscopus)
  • Conus tigrinus G. B. Sowerby II, 1858
  • Conus undulatus [Lightfoot], 1786
  • Conus verriculum Reeve, 1843
  • Cucullus auratus Röding, 1798
  • Cucullus auriger Röding, 1798
  • Cucullus gloriamaris Röding, 1798
  • Cylinder gloriamaris Perry, 1810
  • Cylindrus panniculus Lamarck, 1810
  • Cylindrus scriptus G. B. Sowerby II, 1858
  • Cylindrus textile var. ponderosa Dautzenberg, 1932
  • Cylindrus tigrinus G. B. Sowerby II, 1858
  • Cylindrus verriculum Reeve, 1843
  • Cylindrus aurelius Röding, 1798
  • Cylindrus auriger Röding, 1798
  • Cylindrus gloriamaris Röding, 1798
  • Cylindrus textilis osullivani Iredale, 1931
  • Cylindrus textilis
  • Cylinder textile (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Darioconus textilis
  • Darioconus textilis osullivani Iredale, 1931

亞屬

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  • Conus textile neovicarius da Motta, 1982
  • Conus textile vaulberti Lorenz, 2012 (Mauritius)
  • Conus textile dahlakensis da Motta, 1982 : synonym of Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758
  • Conus textile var. abbreviata Dautzenberg, 1937: synonym of Conus ammiralis（英语：Conus ammiralis） Linnaeus, 1758
  • Conus textile var. euetrios G. B. Sowerby III : synonym of Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758
  • Conus textile var. loman Dautzenberg, 1937 : synonym of Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758
  • Conus textile var. ponderosa Dautzenberg, 1932 : synonym of Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758
  • Conus textile var. sulcata G. B. Sowerby I, 1834 : synonym of 面纱芋螺 Menke, 1829

形態描述

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Conus textile, 正模標本 of Conus dilectus at the Smithsonian Institution

體層膨脹，質厚。黃色底具鱗片狀白斑框有黑細紋[7]。殼頂明顯，白色。殼口寬，白色。口蓋小，角質[7]。成體一般長約9厘米（3.5英寸）到10厘米（3.9英寸）[2]，已知最大尺寸可達15厘米（5.9英寸）[8]。外壳的颜色是黄棕色，有起伏的棕色纵线，被三角形的白色空间打断。最后的排列不规则，但在肩部、底部和中间拥挤，形成带子。尖顶（英语：Spire (mollusc)）也有类似的标记，殼口是白色的。[9]

分布

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织锦芋螺主要棲息於红海及印度洋-太平洋[10]（印度洋及西太平洋海域[11]）的熱帶海域，還有澳大利亚的新南威爾士州、北領地、昆士蘭州、西澳大利亚州與新西兰對出海域，以及印度洋從东非到夏威夷及法屬玻里尼西亞的海域[11][10]。見於新加坡、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、中国大陆、台湾[7]及香港[4]。常栖息在潮间带的岩礁、低潮线以下[7]。

在澳大利亞，织锦芋螺多見於昆士蘭北蠃，但由于氣候變率與變化造成海洋温度升高，人们越来越多地发现新南威爾士州以南。[12]

已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與翻譯。

Ecology

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Habitat

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C. textile may be found in estuaries, on rocky shores and in rockpools. During the day they are usually buried in sand, and emerge to feed at night.[12]

生命週期

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The female lays several hundred eggs at a time, which hatch after about 16 or 17 days. After hatching, the larvae float around in the current for approximately 16 days. Afterward, they settle at the bottom of the ocean. By this point their length is about 1.5 mm (0.06 in).[13]

Feeding habits

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C. textile is a 肉食性動物 species, and uses a 齒舌 (a biological microscopic needle) to inject a conotoxin（英语：conotoxin） to kill its prey. Its venom contains the neurotoxin RPRFamide（英语：RPRFamide）. C. textile eats snails.[14] The proboscis（英语：proboscis）, the tip of which holds the harpoon-like radular tooth, is capable of being extended to any part of its own shell. The living animal is a risk to any person handling it who has not taken proper care to protect exposed skin. Several human deaths have been attributed to this species.[15]

参考文献

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  1. ^ Duda, T. Conus textile. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013, 2013: e.T192316A2071675 [11 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T192316A2071675.en 可免费查阅. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758. WoRMS. [2025-02-11]. 
  3. ^ * Hardy, Eddie. Conus textile. Hardy's Internet Guide to Marine Gastropods. [2019-01-16]. （原始内容存档于2020-06-28） （英语）. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 雨雪（Shirley Ng）. 彩虹貝之家：貝類介紹. [2025-02-11]. （原始内容存档于2004-09-04） （中文（繁體））. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Teen nearly dies after holding venomous "shell" that can kill 700 people. Newsweek. 2021-04-27 [2024-08-20] （英语）. 
  6. ^ Nelson, Laura. One slip, and you're dead.... Nature. 2004-06-01, 429 (6994): 798–799. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 15215832. S2CID 1698214. doi:10.1038/429798a 可免费查阅 （英语）. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 国际贝库：织锦芋螺. 台湾贝类资料库. [2009-08-11]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）. 
  8. ^ Poutiers, J. M. Gastropods. Carpenter, K. E. (编). The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific (PDF). FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes 1. Rome: FAO. 1998: 628. ISBN 92-5-104051-6. 
  9. ^ George Washington Tryon（英语：George Washington Tryon）, Manual of Conchology vol. VI, p. 90; 1879
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Online Learning Center: Textile Cone Snail. Aquarium of the Pacific. [2009-11-06]. （原始内容存档于2012-02-07） （英语）. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Peters, Howard; O'Leary, Bethan C.; Hawkins, Julie P.; Carpenter, Kent E.; Roberts, Callum M. Conus: First Comprehensive Conservation Red List Assessment of a Marine Gastropod Mollusc Genus. PLOS ONE. 2013-12-23, 8 (12): e83353. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...883353P. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3871662 可免费查阅. PMID 24376693. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083353 可免费查阅 （英语）. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Deadly cone snail found on NSW North Coast as east coast sightings increase ABC新闻（英语：ABC News (Australia)）, 20 August 2024. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  13. ^ Textile Cone Snail. [2008-01-20]. （原始内容存档于2012-02-07）. 
  14. ^ Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758. Textile cone, 107 mm
  15. ^ Cloth-of-Gold (Full Screen, Please) 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2012-02-10.

延伸閱讀

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  • Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae. ii, 824 pp 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2017-06-13.
  • Bruguière, M. 1792. Encyclopédie Méthodique ou par ordre de matières. Histoire naturelle des vers. Paris : Panckoucke Vol. 1 i-xviii, 757 pp.
  • Röding, P.F. 1798. Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa. Hamburg : Trappii 199 pp.
  • Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M. 1810. Suite des espèces du genre Cône. Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 15: 263-286, 422-442
  • Perry, G. 1811. Arcana, or The museum of natural history : containing the most recent discovered objects: embellished with coloured plates, and corresponding descriptions: with extracts relating to animals, and remarks of celebrated travellers; combining a general survey of nature. London : James Stratford pl. XLIX-LXXXIV.
  • Swainson, W. 1840. A Treatise on Malacology or the Natural Classification of Shells and Shell-fish. London : Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans 419 pp.
  • Reeve, L.A. 1843. Monograph of the genus Conus. pls 1-39 in Reeve, L.A. (ed.). Conchologica Iconica. London : L. Reeve & Co. Vol. 1.
  • Kiener, L.C. 1845. Spécies général et Iconographie des coquilles vivantes, comprenant la collection du Muséum d'histoire Naturelle de Paris, la collection de Lamarck, celle du Prince Massena (appartenant maintenant a M. le Baron B. Delessert) et les découvertes récentes des voyageurs. Paris : Rousseau et Baillière Vol. 2.
  • Gould, A.A. 1850. Shells collected by the United States Exploring Expedition under the command of Charles Wilkes. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 3: 169-172
  • Sowerby, G.B. 1857-1858. Monograph of the genus Conus. 1-56, pls 1-24 in Thesaurus conchyliorum or monographs of genera of shells. London : Sowerby Vol. 3.
  • Sowerby, G.B. (3rd) 1882. Descriptions of new species of shells in the collection of Mr. J. Cosmo Melvill. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1882: 117-121
  • Smith, E.A. 1891. On a collection of marine shells from Aden, with some remarks upon the relationship of the Molluscan Fauna of the Red Sea and the Mediterranean. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891(3): 390-436
  • Melvill, J.C. 1900. A revision of textile cones with description of C. cholmondeleyi n. sp. Journal of Conchology 9: 303-311
  • Smith, E.A. 1903. Marine Mollusca. pp. 589–630, pls 35-36 in Gardiner, J.S. (ed). The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes. Being the account of work carried on and of the collections made by an expedition during the years 1899 and 1900. Cambridge : University Press Vol
  • Dautzenberg, P. 1932. Mollusques testacés marins de Madagascar. Journal de Conchyliologie 76(1): 5-119, pl.
  • Dautzenberg, P. 1937. Gastéropodes marins. 3-Famille Conidae'; Résultats Scientifiques du Voyage aux Indes Orientales Néerlandaises de LL. AA. RR. Le Prince et la Princesse Lé Belgique. Mémoires du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 2(18): 284 pp, 3 pls
  • Fenaux 1943. Complément a l'étude de la faune malcologique de Paumotou. Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique Monaco 835: 3
  • Demond, J. 1957. Micronesian reef associated gastropods. Pacific Science 11(3): 275-341, fig. 2, pl. 1
  • Gillett, K. & McNeill, F. 1959. The Great Barrier Reef and Adjacent Isles: a comprehensive survey for visitor, naturalist and photographer. Sydney : Coral Press 209 pp.
  • Wilson, B.R. & Gillett, K. 1971. Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters. Sydney : Reed Books 168 pp.
  • Hinton, A. 1972. Shells of New Guinea and the Central Indo-Pacific. Milton : Jacaranda Press xviii 94 pp.
  • Salvat, B. & Rives, C. 1975. Coquillages de Polynésie. Tahiti : Papéete Les editions du pacifique, pp. 1–391.
  • Cernohorsky, W.O. 1978. Tropical Pacific Marine Shells. Sydney : Pacific Publications 352 pp., 68 pls.
  • Kay, E.A. 1979. Hawaiian Marine Shells. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section 4 : Mollusca. Honolulu, Hawaii : Bishop Museum Press Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication Vol. 64(4) 653 pp.
  • Motta, A.J. da 1983. Two new species of the genus Conus (Gastropoda: Conidae). Publicaçoes Ocasionais da Sociedade Portuguesa de Malacologia 2: 1-9
  • Lauer, J. 1987. Tent marked cones; 4e partie. Rossiniana 36: 11-22
  • Drivas, J. & M. Jay (1988). Coquillages de La Réunion et de l'île Maurice
  • Rossum, H.M. van 1990. A new cone from the coasts of Kenya (Indian Ocean) (Gastropoda: Conidae). La Conchiglia 22(250-252): 29-31
  • Wilson, B. 1994. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp.
  • Röckel, D., Korn, W. & Kohn, A.J. 1995. Manual of the Living Conidae. Volume 1: Indo-Pacific Region. Wiesbaden : Hemmen 517 pp.
  • Filmer R.M. (2001). A Catalogue of Nomenclature and Taxonomy in the Living Conidae 1758 - 1998. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 388pp.
  • Branch, G.M. et al. (2002). Two Oceans. 5th impression. David Philip, Cate Town & Johannesburg
  • Spencer, H.; Marshall. B. (2009). All Mollusca except Opisthobranchia. In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp
  • Tucker J.K. (2009). Recent cone species database. September 4, 2009 Edition
  • Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009) Systematic classification of Recent and fossil conoidean gastropods. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 296 pp
  • Puillandre, N.; Duda, T.F.; Meyer, C.; Olivera, B.M.; Bouchet, P. One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 2015, 81 (1): 1–23. PMC 4541476 可免费查阅. PMID 26300576. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyu055. 
  • Lorenz, F., 2012. A new subspecies of Conidae from Mauritius (Gastropoda). Schriften zur Malakozoologie 27: 21-24

外部連結

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维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：织锦芋螺
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