純孕激素避孕藥
| 純孕激素避孕藥 | |
|---|---|
| 背景 | |
| 生育控制種類 | 激素 |
| 初次使用日期 | 1968[1][2][3] |
| 失敗比率 (第一年) | |
| 完美使用 | 0.3% |
| 一般使用 | 9% |
| 用法 | |
| 持續期間 | 1 天 |
| 可逆性 | 是 |
| 注意事項 | 每日在相同的三小時窗口內服用 |
| 醫師診斷 | 6 個月 |
| 優點及缺點 | |
| 是否可以防止性傳播疾病 | 不 |
| 是否影響體重 | 不影響 |
| 月經 | 少量出血，且可能不規律 |
| 月經 | 通常量較少且疼痛較輕 |
| 医学注释 | |
| 不受同時併用大多數（但不是全部）的抗生素影響。與COCP類藥物不同，可能可用於有高血壓和偏頭痛病史的患者。受某些抗癲癇葯物影響。 | |
纯孕激素避孕药（Progestin-only pills，POP）又名迷你避孕药（minipills）是內含孕激素（孕激素）而非雌激素的避孕药[4]。一般使用時，第一年的怀孕率约为 9%；在完美使用時，怀孕率約为 0.3%[5] [4]。其他用途包括：治療經痛、子宮內膜異位症和鐮刀型紅血球疾病[6]。停用后生育能力立即恢复[4]。
副作用很少，且不会增加血栓或乳癌风险[4]。不过，可能会造成不規則陰道出血[4]。需要每天同一时间使用才會有效[4]。它们無法预防性傳染病[6]。哺乳期间也能安全使用[4]。主要作用機轉是抑制卵子的排出[6]。
純孕激素避孕藥于1968 年在法国开始用於医疗上[7]。目前有已有多种僅含孕激素的避孕藥配方[4]。其中一种药物炔诺酮于 2023 年在美国成為非处方药，可以無處方簽，直接臨櫃購買[8] [4]。开始使用前无需测试[5]。
參見
[编辑]参考文獻
[编辑]- ^ Annetine Gelijns. Innovation in Clinical Practice: The Dynamics of Medical Technology Development. National Academies. 1991: 172–. NAP:13513.
Development of the minipill, which contains only a progestin, was another result of concerns over the thromboembolic side effects of combination oral contraceptives.36 This development was also driven by the expectation that lower steroid doses would diminish effects on the metabolic and reproductive systems, lessen complaints about nausea and headache, and improve compliance (because it offered a regimen of continuous pill taking rather than the cyclic regimen of earlier pill formulations).37 Syntex was the first to introduce a 0.5 milligram chlor- madinone acetate minipill in 1968 in France, although this pill was withdrawn from the market in 1970 when long-term animal toxicity tests for the FDA revealed the occurrence of breast nodules in beagles.38 Nevertheless, other manufacturers began to pursue minipill development using their own progestogens, and since 1970 a variety of compounds have been introduced.
- ^ Bennett, John P. The Second Generation of Hormonal Contraceptives. Chemical Contraception. 1974: 39–62. ISBN 978-1-349-02289-2. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-02287-8_4.
Chlormadinone acetate was the first minipill contraceptive to be marketed, in Mexico during July 1968. This compound was removed from clinical use in February 1970 because it produced nodules in the breast tissues of beagle dogs [...]
- ^ M.R. Henzl. Natural and Synthetic Female Sex Hormones. S.S.C. Yen; R.B. Jaffe (编). Reproductive Endocrinology: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management. W.B. Saunders Co. 1978: 421–468. ISBN 978-0-7216-9625-6.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Cason, Patty; Cwiak, Carrie; Kowal, Deborah; Edelman, Alison. Contraceptive Technology 22. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 26 September 2023: 419–428 [9 April 2024]. ISBN 978-1-284-25503-4. （原始内容存档于10 April 2024） （英语）. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期10 April 2024.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Progestin-Only Pills - US SPR | CDC. www.cdc.gov. 28 March 2023 [9 April 2024]. （原始内容存档于9 April 2024） （美国英语）. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期9 April 2024.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 What is the progestogen-only pill?. nhs.uk. 29 February 2024 [9 April 2024]. （原始内容存档于10 April 2024） （英语）. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期10 April 2024.
- ^ Annetine Gelijns. Innovation in Clinical Practice: The Dynamics of Medical Technology Development. National Academies. 1991: 172– [2023-07-11]. NAP:13513. （原始内容存档于2023-07-15）.
Syntex was the first to introduce a 0.5 milligram chlormadinone acetate minipill in 1968 in France, although this pill was withdrawn from the market in 1970 when long-term animal toxicity tests for the FDA revealed the occurrence of breast nodules in beagles. Nevertheless, other manufacturers began to pursue minipill development using their own progestogens, and since 1970 a variety of compounds have been introduced.
- ^ Perrone, Matthew. First over-the-counter birth control pill gets FDA approval in U.S.. CBC. 13 July 2023 [13 July 2023]. （原始内容存档于15 July 2023）. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期15 July 2023.