生殖支原體

生殖支原體
	生殖支原體的3D全細胞模型。注意，此模型不包括末端附著細胞器。
科学分类
域：	细菌域 Bacteria
门：	厚壁菌门 Bacillota
纲：	柔膜菌纲 Mollicutes
目：	支原体目 Mycoplasmatales
科：	支原体科 Mycoplasmataceae
属：	支原体属 Mycoplasma
种：	生殖支原體 M. genitalium
二名法
	Mycoplasma genitalium;
異名
	Mycoplasma genitalium

生殖支原體（英語：Mycoplasma genitalium，縮寫：MG或Mgen）是泌尿道和生殖道的性傳染病病原体^[3]^[4]。通常没有任何症状；若有症状，可能包括尿道炎（排尿时會灼烧感、分泌物、腹股沟淋巴结肿大）、宫颈炎（异味、分泌物）或骨盆腔發炎^[3]。并发症包括可能不孕、宫外孕和早產^[3]。患者感染人類免疫缺陷病毒的风险也較高^[3]。

此病透過與感染者阴道性交或肛交传播^[5]。病原體是一种大小只有 0.58 Mbp、內含475个基因的极小细菌^[6]。危险因子包括性伴侣数量较多^[3]。建议对那些症状持续且排除其他病因的患者进行检测^[3]。不建議对无症状者进行篩檢^[3]。檢體以聚合酶链式反应檢測後確認診斷，檢體的來源包括女性阴道或男性尿道的拭子採檢，或是男性的尿液样本^[3]。它通常不会造成口腔症狀^[3]。

生殖支原體的抗生素抗药性很常见，尤其是阿奇霉素，莫西沙星的抗藥性較少見^[3]。標準治疗是每日两次服用 100 毫克的多西环素，连续服用 7 天，再服用阿奇霉素 4 天或莫西沙星 7 天，依耐药性测试決定^[3]。也可同時為性伴侣检测和治疗^[3] ^[7]。若在孕期診斷阿奇霉素抗药性的生殖支原體感染，治療可改用普那霉素（英语：Pristinamycin）或将治疗延到生產之后^[3]。

在高收入国家，生殖支原體感染在育龄人口的盛行率约為1.3％，发展中国家約為3.9％^[3]。男性和女性的比率相當^[3]。女性性工作者和受教育程度较低者的盛行率较高^[3]。此细菌在1980年首次被分离， ^[8]并于 1983 年被鉴定为支原体属的一个新种^[1]。

參見

最小的生物體（英语：Smallest organisms）

参考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Tully, J. G.; Taylor-Robinson, D.; Rose, D. L.; Cole, R. M.; Bove, J. M. Mycoplasma genitalium, a New Species from the Human Urogenital Tract. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 1983, 33 (2): 387–396 [10 June 2022]. doi:10.1099/00207713-33-2-387 . （原始内容存档于12 August 2014）.
^ Gupta, Radhey S.; Sawnani, Sahil; Adeolu, Mobolaji; Alnajar, Seema; Oren, Aharon. Phylogenetic framework for the phylum Tenericutes based on genome sequence data: proposal for the creation of a new order Mycoplasmoidales ord. nov., containing two new families Mycoplasmoidaceae fam. nov. and Metamycoplasmataceae fam. nov. harbouring Eperythrozoon, Ureaplasma and five novel genera. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 2018-09-01, 111 (9): 1583–1630. ISSN 1572-9699. PMID 29556819. S2CID 254226604. doi:10.1007/s10482-018-1047-3 （英语）.
^ ^3.00 ^3.01 ^3.02 ^3.03 ^3.04 ^3.05 ^3.06 ^3.07 ^3.08 ^3.09 ^3.10 ^3.11 ^3.12 ^3.13 ^3.14 ^3.15 Wood, GE; Bradshaw, CS; Manhart, LE. Update in Epidemiology and Management of Mycoplasma genitalium Infections.. Infectious disease clinics of North America. June 2023, 37 (2): 311-333. PMID 37105645. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2023.02.009.
^ Workowski K. A., Bolan G. A. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm. Rep. 2015, 64 (RR-03): 1–137. PMC 5885289 . PMID 26042815.
^ About Mycoplasma genitalium. Mycoplasma genitalium (Mgen). 21 May 2024 [17 November 2024]. （原始内容存档于7 November 2024）（美国英语）.
^ Fraser, C. M.; Gocayne, J. D.; White, O.; Adams, M. D.; Clayton, R. A.; Fleischmann, R. D.; Bult, C. J.; Kerlavage, A. R.; Sutton, G.; Kelley, J. M.; Fritchman, J. L. The Minimal Gene Complement of Mycoplasma genitalium. Science. 1995, 270 (5235): 397–404. Bibcode:1995Sci...270..397F. PMID 7569993. S2CID 29825758. doi:10.1126/science.270.5235.397.
^ Mycoplasma genitalium - STI Treatment Guidelines. www.cdc.gov. [17 November 2024]. （原始内容存档于4 October 2024）.
^ De Carvalho, NS; Palú, G; Witkin, SS. Mycoplasma genitalium, a stealth female reproductive tract.. European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology. February 2020, 39 (2): 229-234. PMID 31522281. doi:10.1007/s10096-019-03707-8.

外部連結

[Tully1983-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Tully, J. G.; Taylor-Robinson, D.; Rose, D. L.; Cole, R. M.; Bove, J. M. Mycoplasma genitalium, a New Species from the Human Urogenital Tract. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 1983, 33 (2): 387–396 [10 June 2022]. doi:10.1099/00207713-33-2-387 . （原始内容存档于12 August 2014）.

[:5-2] Gupta, Radhey S.; Sawnani, Sahil; Adeolu, Mobolaji; Alnajar, Seema; Oren, Aharon. Phylogenetic framework for the phylum Tenericutes based on genome sequence data: proposal for the creation of a new order Mycoplasmoidales ord. nov., containing two new families Mycoplasmoidaceae fam. nov. and Metamycoplasmataceae fam. nov. harbouring Eperythrozoon, Ureaplasma and five novel genera. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 2018-09-01, 111 (9): 1583–1630. ISSN 1572-9699. PMID 29556819. S2CID 254226604. doi:10.1007/s10482-018-1047-3 （英语）.

[IDSA2023-3] 3.00 ^3.01 ^3.02 ^3.03 ^3.04 ^3.05 ^3.06 ^3.07 ^3.08 ^3.09 ^3.10 ^3.11 ^3.12 ^3.13 ^3.14 ^3.15 Wood, GE; Bradshaw, CS; Manhart, LE. Update in Epidemiology and Management of Mycoplasma genitalium Infections.. Infectious disease clinics of North America. June 2023, 37 (2): 311-333. PMID 37105645. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2023.02.009.

[4] Workowski K. A., Bolan G. A. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm. Rep. 2015, 64 (RR-03): 1–137. PMC 5885289 . PMID 26042815.

[CDC2023-5] About Mycoplasma genitalium. Mycoplasma genitalium (Mgen). 21 May 2024 [17 November 2024]. （原始内容存档于7 November 2024）（美国英语）.

[Fra1995-6] Fraser, C. M.; Gocayne, J. D.; White, O.; Adams, M. D.; Clayton, R. A.; Fleischmann, R. D.; Bult, C. J.; Kerlavage, A. R.; Sutton, G.; Kelley, J. M.; Fritchman, J. L. The Minimal Gene Complement of Mycoplasma genitalium. Science. 1995, 270 (5235): 397–404. Bibcode:1995Sci...270..397F. PMID 7569993. S2CID 29825758. doi:10.1126/science.270.5235.397.

[CDC2021-7] Mycoplasma genitalium - STI Treatment Guidelines. www.cdc.gov. [17 November 2024]. （原始内容存档于4 October 2024）.

[De2020-8] De Carvalho, NS; Palú, G; Witkin, SS. Mycoplasma genitalium, a stealth female reproductive tract.. European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology. February 2020, 39 (2): 229-234. PMID 31522281. doi:10.1007/s10096-019-03707-8.

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