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大麻劇吐症

维基百科，自由的百科全书
大麻劇吐症
大麻劇吐症患者通常會透過熱水淋浴來緩解部分症狀[1][2]
症状恶心、呕吐和痉挛性腹痛[3]
併發症腎功能衰竭
病因長期過量使用大麻[3]
診斷方法依症状诊断[1]
鑑別診斷週期性嘔吐症候群（英语：Cyclical vomiting syndrome）[4]
治療停止使用大麻、沖或泡個热水澡[1]
藥物辣椒素 氟哌啶醇 昂丹司琼[1]
分类和外部资源
醫學專科消化科
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大麻劇吐症（Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome，CHS）是一种因使用大麻而引起的反复恶心、呕吐和痉挛性腹痛[5][6]。沖或泡個热水澡可能会暂时改善症状[7]。并发症包括可能腎功能衰竭、電解質不平衡以及热水引起的皮肤烧伤[7]。至少有两例死亡与它有关[7] [8] [9]。

通常需要每天或每周使用大麻数年才会發病[7] [5] [10]。可能机轉仍不清楚，目前已有幾種可能的假說[7]。依症状诊断[7]。在诊断前，此病症通常已持续一段时间[7]。另一個有类似症状的可能疾病是週期性嘔吐症候群（英语：Cyclic vomiting syndrome）[7]。

最终的治疗包括停止使用大麻[7]。可能需要两周以上才會看到效果[7]。呕吐期以支持性治疗與主[7]。有初步证据顯示，急性发作期，可以服用氟哌啶醇並在腹部涂抹辣椒素乳膏[7] [5]。

影响人数仍不清楚[11]。在美国，因反复呕吐而去急诊诊的患者中，约有 6% 患有此症[7]。虽然大麻使用合法化似乎不会影發生率，但大麻商业化已使發生率上升[12]。2004 年首次描述此症候群，简易版的诊断标准于 2009 年出版[13] [14]。

参考文獻

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Korn F, Hammerich S, Gries A. [Cannabinoid hyperemesis as a differential diagnosis of nausea and vomiting in the emergency department]. Der Anaesthesist (Review). February 2021, 70 (2): 158–160. PMC 7850992 可免费查阅. PMID 33090239. doi:10.1007/s00101-020-00850-2 （德语）. 
  2. ^ Nourbakhsh M, Miller A, Gofton J, Jones G, Adeagbo B. Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: Reports of Fatal Cases. Journal of Forensic Sciences (Wiley). January 2019, 64 (1): 270–274. PMID 29768651. S2CID 21718690. doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13819 可免费查阅. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Sullivan S. Cannabinoid hyperemesis. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology. May 2010, 24 (5): 284–285. PMC 2886568 可免费查阅. PMID 20485701. doi:10.1155/2010/481940 可免费查阅. 
  4. ^ Galli JA, Sawaya RA, Friedenberg FK. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. Current Drug Abuse Reviews. December 2011, 4 (4): 241–249. PMC 3576702 可免费查阅. PMID 22150623. doi:10.2174/1874473711104040241. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Sorensen CJ, DeSanto K, Borgelt L, Phillips KT, Monte AA. Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment-a Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Toxicology. March 2017, 13 (1): 71–87. PMC 5330965 可免费查阅. PMID 28000146. doi:10.1007/s13181-016-0595-z. 
  6. ^ DeVuono MV, Parker LA. Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: A Review of Potential Mechanisms. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research. June 2020, 5 (2): 132–144. PMC 7347072 可免费查阅. PMID 32656345. doi:10.1089/can.2019.0059. 
  7. ^ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 Chocron Y, Zuber JP, Vaucher J. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. BMJ. July 2019, 366: l4336. PMID 31324702. S2CID 198133206. doi:10.1136/bmj.l4336. 
  8. ^ Rudavsky, Shari. He loved weed. Then the vomiting began. Months later, he died. USA TODAY. [2 February 2020]. （原始内容存档于1 November 2020）. 
  9. ^ Soota, Kaartik; Lee, Ye-Jin; Schouweiler, Katie; Keeney, Matthew; Nashelsky, Marcus; Holm, Adrian. Cases of Death Secondary to Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: 2217. American Journal of Gastroenterology: S1063. October 2016 [2 February 2020]. （原始内容存档于15 January 2021）. 
  10. ^ Chu, F; Cascella, M. Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome.. StatPearls. January 2023 [2023-05-25]. PMID 31751105. （原始内容存档于2023-01-04）. 
  11. ^ Lu, ML; Agito, MD. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: Marijuana is both antiemetic and proemetic.. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. July 2015, 82 (7): 429–34. PMID 26185942. doi:10.3949/ccjm.82a.14023. 
  12. ^ Myran, Daniel Thomas; Roberts, Rhiannon; Pugliese, Michael; Taljaard, Monica; Tanuseputro, Peter; Pacula, Rosalie Liccardo. Changes in Emergency Department Visits for Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome Following Recreational Cannabis Legalization and Subsequent Commercialization in Ontario, Canada. JAMA Network Open. 16 September 2022, 5 (9): e2231937. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.31937. 
  13. ^ Allen, J H; De Moore, GM; Heddle, R; Twartz, JC. Cannabinoid hyperemesis: Cyclical hyperemesis in association with chronic cannabis abuse. Gut. 2004, 53 (11): 1566–70. PMC 1774264 可免费查阅. PMID 15479672. doi:10.1136/gut.2003.036350. 
  14. ^ Sontineni, Siva-P; Chaudhary, S; Sontineni, V; Lanspa, SJ. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: Clinical diagnosis of an underrecognized manifestation of chronic cannabis abuse. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2009, 15 (10): 1264–6. PMC 2658859 可免费查阅. PMID 19291829. doi:10.3748/wjg.15.1264. 

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