似奇蝦屬

似奇蝦屬; 化石时期：514–509 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ▼ 寒武紀第四期
	似奇蝦的前附肢復原圖
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	†恐蝦綱 Dinocaridida
目：	†放射齒目 Radiodonta
科：	†地位未定 Incertae sedis
属：	†似奇蝦屬 Paranomalocaris; Wang, Huang & Hu, 2013
模式種
	多節似奇蝦 Paranomalocaris multisegmentalis ; Wang, Huang & Hu, 2013
其他物種
	簡單似奇蝦 ; Paranomalocaris simplex; Jiao et al. 2021;

似奇蝦屬（學名：Paranomalocaris）是節肢動物門、恐蝦綱、放射齒目、地位未定的一屬，底下有兩個物種，分別是多節似奇蝦（學名：Paranomalocaris multisegmentalis）和簡單似奇蝦（學名：Paranomalocaris simplex）。化石在現今中國東南部的澄江化石地被發現的。^[1]^[2]目前僅發現似奇蝦的前附肢化石，身體等的部分仍不清楚，間接導致似奇蝦的分類具有爭議。^[3]

發現[编辑]

似奇蝦的標本在中國雲南東部昆明高樓坊村（Gaoloufang Village）烏龍箐地層（Wulongqing Formation）的關山動物群（Guanshan biota）^[1]^[2]與關山蝦屬一樣^[1]^[2]^[4]^[5]，在李花村（Lihua Village）附近的的李花莊段（Lihuazhuang section）也有發現。多節似奇蝦一開始僅發現一個標本，編號為NIGP 154564^[2]，在李花莊段也有發現一個標本，編號為YKLP 12416。簡單似奇蝦則是僅在李花莊段發現標本，編號是YKLP 12417和YKLP 12418。^[1]

命名[编辑]

Paranomalocaris是由「para」（相近、類似）＋「Anomalocaris」（奇蝦的屬名）；而多節似奇蝦（Paranomalocaris multisegmentalis）的種小名-「multisegmentalis」是「multi」（許多）＋「segmental」（一節一節的）；^[1]簡單似奇蝦（Paranomalocaris simplex）的種小名-「simplex」（簡單）比起同屬的多節似奇蝦前附肢結構簡單許多。^[2]

型態[编辑]

兩個前附肢復原圖，黑的部分是節的分界線/節膜（arthrodial membranes），淺灰色是不確定的部分。左邊是多節似奇蝦，右邊是簡單似奇蝦。

前附肢全長32至45毫米，共有23個節，前段與末端的節，高會比寬還要長；但中段則是寬長於高。前附肢的第一節和第二節在第一次被描述同為一節，兩節的末端各有一對較小的刺。在第三節到第二十二節都有一對刺，且刺的大小交替。第五和更後面的節刺上有三到六對較小的刺，大約位在刺與前附肢的連接點。在第十三到第二十二節的背緣有著六根小刺，且會逐漸變大。在最後一節有兩根刺。^[1]^[2]

前附肢全長32至33毫米，可能有超過20個節，每節的外觀類似於長方形。每節都有一對類似針的刺，且愈末端愈短。在化石上雖然有發現到刺上面有著更小的刺，但是大多發現都是光滑且沒有小刺在上的，在末端的節上只有一根彎曲的刺，且每個前附肢末端的三分之一的背緣都有刺。^[2]

分類[编辑]

似奇蝦屬的分類具有爭議，一種是認為是似奇蝦屬屬於奇蝦科和抱怪蟲科的類群^[1]^[2]^[6]^[7]^[8]，另一種則是歸類在放射齒目的奇蝦亞目的基群物種。^[9]^[10]^[3]

Joseph Moysiuk和Jean-Bernard Caron提出的分類圖：^[8]

真節肢動物 Euarthropoda

薄刃蝦屬 Laminacaris

奇蝦屬 Anomalocaris、侯氏蝦屬 Houcaris

抱怪蟲屬 Amplectobelua、里拉琴蟲屬 Lyrarapax

	關山蝦屬 Guanshancaris

	蘭氏蝦屬 Ramskoeldia

	似奇蝦屬 Paranomalocaris

筛虾科 Tamisiocarididae

赫德虾科 Hurdiidae

葉足動物 Lobopodia、有鰓葉足動物＂Gilled lobopodians＂、等刺蟲目（英语：Isoxyida） Isoxyida

Gaëtan J.-M. Potin和Allison C. Daley提出的分類圖：^[3]

胡桃鉗蟲屬 Caryosyntrips

	似奇蝦屬 Paranomalocaris

	抱怪蟲科 Amplectobeluidae

	奇蝦科 Anomalocarididae

	篩蝦科 Tamisiocarididae

	赫德蝦科 Hurdiidae

次足類（英语：Deuteropoda） Deuteropoda

參考資料[编辑]

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Wang, YuanYuan; Huang, DiYing; Hu, ShiXue. New anomalocardid frontal appendages from the Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2013-06-07, 58 (32) [2024-06-16]. ISSN 1001-6538. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-5908-x. （原始内容存档于2022-09-22）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 ^2.7 Jiao, De-guang; Pates, Stephen; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Ortega-Hernandez, Javier; Yang, Jie; Lan, Tian; Zhang, Xi-guang. The endemic radiodonts of the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan biota of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2021, 66 [2024-06-17]. ISSN 0567-7920. doi:10.4202/app.00870.2020. （原始内容存档于2023-04-20）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Potin, Gaëtan J.-M.; Daley, Allison C. The significance of Anomalocaris and other Radiodonta for understanding paleoecology and evolution during the Cambrian explosion. Frontiers in Earth Science. 2023-05-09, 11. ISSN 2296-6463. doi:10.3389/feart.2023.1160285.
^ Wang, YuanYuan; Huang, DiYing; Hu, ShiXue. New anomalocardid frontal appendages from the Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2013-06-07, 58 (32). ISSN 1001-6538. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-5908-x.
^ Zhang, Mingjing; Wu, Yu; Lin, Weiliang; Ma, Jiaxin; Wu, Yuheng; Fu, Dongjing. Amplectobeluid Radiodont Guanshancaris gen. nov. from the Lower Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan Lagerstätte of South China: Biostratigraphic and Paleobiogeographic Implications. Biology. 2023-04-11, 12 (4). ISSN 2079-7737. doi:10.3390/biology12040583.
^ Van Roy, Peter; Daley, Allison C.; Briggs, Derek E. G. Anomalocaridid trunk limb homology revealed by a giant filter-feeder with paired flaps. Nature. 2015-03-11, 522 (7554). ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/nature14256.
^ Cong, C; Ma, M; Hou, H; Edgecombe, E; Strausfeld, S. Brain structure resolves the segmental affinity of anomalocaridid appendages. MorphoBank datasets. 2015 [2024-01-17]. （原始内容存档于2024-01-17）.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 Moysiuk, Joseph; Caron, Jean-Bernard. Exceptional multifunctionality in the feeding apparatus of a mid-Cambrian radiodont. Paleobiology. 2021-05-17, 47 (4). ISSN 0094-8373. doi:10.1017/pab.2021.19.
^ Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Pates, Stephen. New suspension-feeding radiodont suggests evolution of microplanktivory in Cambrian macronekton. Nature Communications. 2018-09-14, 9 (1) [2024-01-17]. ISSN 2041-1723. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06229-7. （原始内容存档于2021-10-07）.
^ Liu, Jianni; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Steiner, Michael; Dunlop, Jason A; Shu, Degan; Paterson, John R. Origin of raptorial feeding in juvenile euarthropods revealed by a Cambrian radiodontan. National Science Review. 2018-06-01, 5 (6). ISSN 2095-5138. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwy057.

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Wang, YuanYuan; Huang, DiYing; Hu, ShiXue. New anomalocardid frontal appendages from the Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2013-06-07, 58 (32) [2024-06-16]. ISSN 1001-6538. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-5908-x. （原始内容存档于2022-09-22）.

[:1-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 ^2.7 Jiao, De-guang; Pates, Stephen; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Ortega-Hernandez, Javier; Yang, Jie; Lan, Tian; Zhang, Xi-guang. The endemic radiodonts of the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan biota of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2021, 66 [2024-06-17]. ISSN 0567-7920. doi:10.4202/app.00870.2020. （原始内容存档于2023-04-20）.

[:2-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Potin, Gaëtan J.-M.; Daley, Allison C. The significance of Anomalocaris and other Radiodonta for understanding paleoecology and evolution during the Cambrian explosion. Frontiers in Earth Science. 2023-05-09, 11. ISSN 2296-6463. doi:10.3389/feart.2023.1160285.

[4] Wang, YuanYuan; Huang, DiYing; Hu, ShiXue. New anomalocardid frontal appendages from the Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2013-06-07, 58 (32). ISSN 1001-6538. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-5908-x.

[5] Zhang, Mingjing; Wu, Yu; Lin, Weiliang; Ma, Jiaxin; Wu, Yuheng; Fu, Dongjing. Amplectobeluid Radiodont Guanshancaris gen. nov. from the Lower Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan Lagerstätte of South China: Biostratigraphic and Paleobiogeographic Implications. Biology. 2023-04-11, 12 (4). ISSN 2079-7737. doi:10.3390/biology12040583.

[6] Van Roy, Peter; Daley, Allison C.; Briggs, Derek E. G. Anomalocaridid trunk limb homology revealed by a giant filter-feeder with paired flaps. Nature. 2015-03-11, 522 (7554). ISSN 0028-0836. doi:10.1038/nature14256.

[7] Cong, C; Ma, M; Hou, H; Edgecombe, E; Strausfeld, S. Brain structure resolves the segmental affinity of anomalocaridid appendages. MorphoBank datasets. 2015 [2024-01-17]. （原始内容存档于2024-01-17）.

[:3-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Moysiuk, Joseph; Caron, Jean-Bernard. Exceptional multifunctionality in the feeding apparatus of a mid-Cambrian radiodont. Paleobiology. 2021-05-17, 47 (4). ISSN 0094-8373. doi:10.1017/pab.2021.19.

[9] Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Pates, Stephen. New suspension-feeding radiodont suggests evolution of microplanktivory in Cambrian macronekton. Nature Communications. 2018-09-14, 9 (1) [2024-01-17]. ISSN 2041-1723. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06229-7. （原始内容存档于2021-10-07）.

[10] Liu, Jianni; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Steiner, Michael; Dunlop, Jason A; Shu, Degan; Paterson, John R. Origin of raptorial feeding in juvenile euarthropods revealed by a Cambrian radiodontan. National Science Review. 2018-06-01, 5 (6). ISSN 2095-5138. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwy057.

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