跳至內容

File:Extinction Intensity.png

頁面內容不支援其他語言。
這個檔案來自維基共享資源
維基百科,自由的百科全書

Extinction_Intensity.png (577 × 428 像素,檔案大小:15 KB,MIME 類型:image/png


摘要

描述

This figure shows the en:genus en:extinction intensity, i.e. the fraction of genera that are present in each interval of time but do not exist in the following interval. The data itself is taken from Rohde & Muller (2005, Supplementary Material), and are based on the Sepkoski's Compendium of Marine Fossil Animal Genera (2002). The yellow line is a cubic polynomial to show the long-term trend. Note that these data do not represent all genera that have ever lived, but rather only a selection of marine genera whose qualities are such that they are easily preserved as fossils.

The "Big Five" en:mass extinctions (Raup & Sepkoski 1982) are labeled in large font, and a variety of other features are labeled in smaller font. The two extinction events occurring in the Cambrian (i.e. en:Dresbachian and en:Botomian) are very large in percentage magnitude, but are not well known because of the relative scarcity of en:fossil producing life at that time (i.e. they are small in absolute numbers of known en:taxa). The en:Middle Permian extinction is now argued by many to constitute a distinct extinction horizon, though the actual extinction amounts are sometimes lumped together with the End Permian extinctions in reporting. As indicated, the "Late Devonian" extinction is actually resolvable into at least three distinct events spread over a period of ~40 million years. As these data are derived at the genus level, one can anticipate that the number of en:species extinctions is a higher percentage than shown here.

Many of the extinction events appear to be somewhat extended in time. In at least some cases this is the result of a paleontological artifact known as the en:Signor-Lipps effect (Signor & Lipps 1982). Briefly, this is the observation that inadequate sampling can cause a taxon to seem to disappear before its actual time of extinction. This has the effect of making an extinction event appear extended even if it occurred quite rapidly. Hence, when estimating the true magnitude of an extinction event it would be common to combine together the events occurring over several preceding bins as long as they also show excess extinctions. This explains why many estimates of the magnitude of an extinction event may be larger than the 20-30% shown as the largest single bin for most of the extinctions shown here.

en:Image:Phanerozoic Biodiversity.png shows total en:Phanerozoic en:biodiversity during the same interval. Note that this is a result of changes in both the rate of extinctions and the rate of new originations. The Dresbachian extinction event in particular is obscured by nearly immediate replacement with new genera.]]
來源
作者 This figure was created by Dragons flight from published data and was inspired by a similar figure in Rohde & Muller (2005) supplementary data
授權許可
(重用此檔案)
This version is released under the en:GFDL. Released under the GNU Free Documentation License.

Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons. / 2005年9月10日 (原始上傳日期)

授權條款

Dragons flight 位于英语维基百科,此作品的版權所有人,決定用以下授權條款發佈本作品:
GNU head 已授權您依據自由軟體基金會發行的無固定段落、封面文字和封底文字GNU自由文件授權條款1.2版或任意後續版本,對本檔進行複製、傳播和/或修改。該協議的副本列在GNU自由文件授權條款中。
w:zh:共享創意
姓名標示 相同方式分享
此檔案採用共享創意 姓名標示-相同方式分享 3.0 未在地化版本授權條款。
姓名標示: Dragons flight
您可以自由:
  • 分享 – 複製、發佈和傳播本作品
  • 重新修改 – 創作演繹作品
惟需遵照下列條件:
  • 姓名標示 – 您必須指名出正確的製作者,和提供授權條款的連結,以及表示是否有對內容上做出變更。您可以用任何合理的方式來行動,但不得以任何方式表明授權條款是對您許可或是由您所使用。
  • 相同方式分享 – 如果您利用本素材進行再混合、轉換或創作,您必須基於如同原先的相同或兼容的條款,來分布您的貢獻成品。
已新增授權條款標題至此檔案,作為GFDL授權更新的一部份。

References

  • Raup, D. & Sepkoski, J. (1982). "Mass extinctions in the marine fossil record". Science 215: 1501–1503.
  • Rohde, R.A. & Muller, R.A. (2005). "Cycles in fossil diversity". Nature 434: 209-210.
  • Sepkoski, J. (2002) A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Genera (eds. Jablonski, D. & Foote, M.) Bull. Am. Paleontol. no. 363 (Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, NY).
  • Signor, P. and J. Lipps (1982) "Sampling bias, gradual extinction patterns and catastrophes in the fossil record", in Geologic Implications of Impacts of Large Asteroids and Comets on the Earth, I. Silver and P. Silver Eds, Geol. Soc. Amer. Special Paper 190, Boulder Colo. p. 291-296.

== 原始上傳日誌 ==

The original description page was here. All following user names refer to en.wikipedia.
  • 2007-06-06 02:25 Andrewpmk 577×428× (14941 bytes) optimize png
  • 2005-09-10 18:18 Dragons flight 577×428× (20765 bytes) History of biological extinction

說明

添加單行說明來描述出檔案所代表的內容

在此檔案描寫的項目

描繪內容

著作權狀態 繁體中文 (已轉換拼寫)

有著作權 繁體中文 (已轉換拼寫)

檔案歷史

點選日期/時間以檢視該時間的檔案版本。

日期/時間縮⁠圖尺寸用戶備⁠註
目前2015年1月12日 (一) 23:31於 2015年1月12日 (一) 23:31 版本的縮圖577 × 428(15 KB)OgreBot(BOT): Uploading old version of file from en.wikipedia; originally uploaded on 2007-06-06 02:25:40 by Andrewpmk
2006年12月10日 (日) 13:16於 2006年12月10日 (日) 13:16 版本的縮圖577 × 428(20 KB)Boivie{{Information |Description=This figure shows the en:genus en:extinction intensity, i.e. the fraction of genera that are present in each interval of time but do not exist in the following interval. The data itself is taken from Rohde & Muller (2

沒有使用此檔案的頁面。

全域檔案使用狀況

以下其他 wiki 使用了這個檔案: