鯨獸鯨科
鯨獸鯨科 化石時期：
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| 拉氏鯨獸鯨 | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 脊索動物門 Chordata |
| 綱： | 哺乳綱 Mammalia |
| 目： | 偶蹄目 Artiodactyla |
| 下目： | 鯨下目 Cetacea |
| 演化支： | 大洋鯨類 Pelagiceti |
| 演化支： | 新鯨類 Neoceti |
| 小目： | 鬚鯨小目 Mysticeti |
| 演化支： | 無齒鬚鯨類 Chaeomysticeti |
| 演化支： | 露脊鯨形類 Balaenomorpha |
| 總科： | 海獸鯨總科 Thalassotherii |
| 科： | 鯨獸鯨科 Cetotheriidae Brandt 1872 |
| 亞科和屬 | |
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見下文 | |
| 異名 | |
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新鬚鯨科 Neobalaenidae? Miller, 1923 | |
鯨獸鯨科（學名：Cetotheriidae）是鬚鯨小目下的一科。[1] 該科一般被認為從晚漸新世一直延續到了早更新世。近年來的一些研究（Fordyce & Marx 2013）認為現存的小露脊鯨應當屬於鯨獸鯨科，是該科僅存的成員，但也有研究認為小露脊鯨所屬的新鬚鯨科不屬於鯨獸鯨科，而是鯨獸鯨科的姊妹群。
分類
[編輯]鯨獸鯨科（Cetotheriidae）作為垃圾箱類群早在1872年便由Brant命名，該科最初被用來歸類不屬於鬚鯨中不屬於任意現存科的物種。[2]
通過對比23類已滅絕或現存的鬚鯨骨骼，[3]Bouetel & Muizon 2006發現傳統意義上的鯨獸鯨科是一個多系群。基於十個顱骨特徵，他們得出結論，在原有的十二個化石種中只有六個構成單系群，即狹義鯨獸鯨科（Cetotheriidae sensu stricto）。[4]
Bisconti, Lambert & Bosselaers 2013 認為最原始的「鯨獸鯨類」上毛鯨屬（學名：Joumocetus）實際上是他們新命名的海獸鯨總科（學名：Thalassotherii，包括廣義和狹義的鯨獸鯨科，灰鯨科和鬚鯨科）下最基礎的已命名成員，他們建議將廣義鯨獸鯨科改稱為「基幹海獸鯨類」（stem thalassotherians）。[5]Fordyce & Marx 2013 基於分子學數據發現，小露脊鯨和灰鯨科、鬚鯨科構成了密切相關的一個分支，此外在「鯨獸鯨類」中，小露脊鯨可能和爬鯨亞科（包括爬鯨屬和矮鬚鯨屬）關係最為密切。[6] 然而，Bisconti等人於2013年同樣基於分子學數據的研究卻認為小露脊鯨實際上和露脊鯨科關係更為密切，但他們補充道，隨着基於更多標本的研究，研究人員將在幾年內解決這些相互矛盾的結果。[7]
根據El Adli等人於2014年的研究[8]和在線數據庫Fossilworks，鯨獸鯨科包括了以下物種：[1]
- †首鯨屬 Cephalotropis Cope 1896[9]
- †上毛鯨屬 Joumocetus Kimura & Hasegawa 2010[9]
- †鯨獸鯨亞科 Cetotheriinae Whitmore and Barnes, 2008
- †Brandtocetus Gol'din and Startsev 2014[10]
- †鯨獸鯨屬 Cetotherium Brandt 1843[9][11]
- †Ciuciulea Gol'din, 2018[12]
- †真鯨獸鯨屬 Eucetotherium Brandt 1873[9]
- †Kurdalagonus Tarasenko & Lopatin 2012a[9]
- †Mithridatocetus Gol'din and Startsev 2017[13]
- †Vampalus Tarasenko & Lopatin 2012b
- †Zygiocetus Tarasenko 2014[14]
- 爬鯨亞科 Herpetocetinae Steeman, 2007
分類未定:
- †Hibacetus Otsuka and Ota 2008
參考文獻
[編輯]備註
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Cetotheriidae. Fossilworks. [17 December 2021].
- ^ Steeman 2010
- ^ Bouetel & Muizon 2006，第373頁
- ^ Bouetel & Muizon 2006，Abstract
- ^ Bisconti, Lambert & Bosselaers 2013，第98頁
- ^ Fordyce & Marx 2013，第3頁
- ^ Fordyce & Marx 2013，第122–123頁
- ^ El Adli, Joseph J.; Deméré, Thomas A.; Boessenecker, Robert W. Herpetocetus morrowi (Cetacea: Mysticeti), a new species of diminutive baleen whale from the Upper Pliocene (Piacenzian) of California, USA, with observations on the evolution and relationships of the Cetotheriidae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2014, 170 (2): 400–466. doi:10.1111/zoj.12108
. hdl:2027.42/102629 .
- ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 Gol'din, Startsev & Krakhmalnaya 2013，第4–5頁
- ^ Gol'din, Pavel; Startsev, Dmitry. Brandtocetus, a new genus of baleen whales (Cetacea, Cetotheriidae) from the late Miocene of Crimea, Ukraine. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2014, 34 (2): 419–433. Bibcode:2014JVPal..34..419G. S2CID 84535132. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.799482.
- ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Bouetel & Muizon 2006，第376頁
- ^ Gol'din, P. New Paratethyan dwarf baleen whales mark the origin of cetotheres. PeerJ. 2018, 6: e5800. PMC 6193469 . PMID 30356949. doi:10.7717/peerj.5800 .
- ^ Gol'din, Pavel; Startsev, Dmitry. A systematic review of cetothere baleen whales (Cetacea, Cetotheriidae) from the Late Miocene of Crimea and Caucasus, with a new genus. Papers in Palaeontology. 2017, 3: 49–68. S2CID 88690543. doi:10.1002/spp2.1066.
- ^ Tarasenko, K. K. New Genera of Baleen Whales (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the Miocene of the Northern Caucasus and Ciscaucasia: 3. Zygiocetus gen. nov. (Middle Sarmatian, Adygea). Paleontological Journal. 2014, 48 (5): 551–562. S2CID 84342193. doi:10.1134/S0031030114050116.
- ^ Bisconti, Michelangelo. Anatomy of a new cetotheriid genus and species from the Miocene of Herentals, Belgium, and the phylogenetic and palaeobiogeographical relationships of Cetotheriidae s.s. (Mammalia, Cetacea, Mysticeti). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 2015, 13 (5): 377–395. S2CID 84554891. doi:10.1080/14772019.2014.890136.
- ^ Felix G. Marx; Klaas Post; Mark Bosselaers; Dirk K. Munsterman. A large Late Miocene cetotheriid (Cetacea, Mysticeti) from the Netherlands clarifies the status of Tranatocetidae. PeerJ. 2019, 7: e6426. PMC 6377596 . PMID 30783574. doi:10.7717/peerj.6426 .
參考文獻
[編輯]- Bisconti, M.; Lambert, O.; Bosselaers, M. Taxonomic revision of Isocetus depauwi (Mammalia, Cetacea, Mysticeti) and the phylogenetic relationships of archaic 'cetothere' mysticetes. Palaeontology. 2013, 56 (1): 95–127. Bibcode:2013Palgy..56...95B. ISSN 0031-0239. OCLC 826744606. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01168.x .
- M. Bisconti et al. 2013. Paleo DB. （原始內容存檔於2013-10-14）.
- Bouetel, V.; Muizon, C., de. The anatomy and relationships of Piscobalaena nana (Cetacea, Mysticeti), a Cetotheriidae s.s. from the early Pliocene of Peru (PDF). Geodiversitas. 2006, 28 (2): 319–395 [7 November 2013].
- Brandt, J. F. Über eine neue Classification der Bartenwhale (Balaenoidea) mit Berücksichtigung der untergegangenen Gattungen derselben. Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg. 3. 1872, 17 [17 December 2021] （德語）.
- Family Cetotheriidae Brandt 1872 (whale). Fossilworks.
- Fordyce, R. Ewan; Marx, Felix G. The pygmy right whale Caperea marginata: the last of the cetotheres. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2013, 280 (1753): 20122645. PMC 3574355 . PMID 23256199. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.2645.
- Gol'din, P.; Startsev, D.; Krakhmalnaya, T. The anatomy of Cetotherium riabinini Hofstein, 1948, a baleen whale from the late Miocene of Ukraine (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2013,. In press. doi:10.4202/app.2012.0107 .
- Kimura, T.; Hasegawa, Y. A New Baleen Whale (Mysticeti: Cetotheriidae) from the Earliest Late Miocene of Japan and a Reconsideration of the Phylogeny of Cetotheres. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2010, 30 (2): 577–591. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30..577K. S2CID 85819006. doi:10.1080/02724631003621912.
- Steeman, M. E. The extinct baleen whale fauna from the Miocene-Pliocene of Belgium and the diagnostic cetacean ear bones. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 2010, 8 (1): 63–80. doi:10.1080/14772011003594961 .
- Tarasenko, K. K.; Lopatin, A. V. New Baleen Whale Genera (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the Miocene of the Northern Caucasus and Ciscaucasia: 1. Kurdalagonus gen. nov. from the Middle–Late Sarmatian of Adygea. Paleontological Journal. 2012a, 46 (5): 531–542. S2CID 85334152. doi:10.1134/s0031030112050115.
- K. K. Tarasenko and A. V. Lopatin 2012. Fossilworks.
- Tarasenko, K. K.; Lopatin, A. V. New Baleen Whale Genera (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the Miocene of the Northern Caucasus and Ciscaucasia: 2. Vampalus gen. nov. from the Middle-Late Miocene of Chechnya and Krasnodar Region. Paleontological Journal. 2012b, 46 (6): 620–629. S2CID 85122480. doi:10.1134/s003103011206010x.
- K. K. Tarasenko and A. V. Lopatin 2012. Fossilworks.
