金蛛屬

金蛛属
	蟲蝕痕金蛛
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	蛛形纲 Arachnida
目：	蜘蛛目 Araneae
科：	园蛛科 Araneidae
属：	金蛛属 Argiope; Audouin, 1827
種
	參見內文;

金蛛屬（學名：Argiope），是圓蛛科的一個屬。牠們廣泛分佈在世界各地，而大部份溫帶或氣候溫暖的地區都有多於一個物種。

蜘蛛網

金蛛屬蜘蛛所織出來的蜘蛛網差不多是隱形的，但隱帶卻呈可見的純白色，有時呈交叉形或三字形。牠們會對齊這個交叉形的隱帶，每條線上有一對腳，在白色的交叉上有一隻非常鮮艷的蜘蛛。隱帶可以反射紫外光，能夠吸引獵物進入蜘蛛網中，並防止被其他動物破壞。蜘蛛網通常位於地面高1米左右的地方，這亦可以避免被大型動物所破壞。

有指這個隱帶會引導金蛛屬的獵食者，不過卻有不同方法來招呼獵食者，如從網上掉落、撤退至蜘蛛網的周邊、於30秒內破壞蜘蛛網等。^[1]

繁殖

雄性金蛛屬比雌性細小很多。當交配時，雄蛛會在雌蛛的網上織成另一個網。雌蛛在交配後會產卵，並將卵囊放在其網上。卵囊內包含了約400-1400顆卵。卵會於秋天孵化，幼蛛會在囊內過冬，並於春天才出來。卵囊是由多層的絲所組成，足以保護其內的東西。不過很多昆蟲都會寄生在這個卵囊內。

毒性

金蛛屬對人類並沒有害。牠們是吃昆蟲的，並可以消化比牠們大兩倍的獵物。另有指A. savigny更會吃細小的纓蝠。^[2]一般牠們也不會襲擊人類，但只會在保護自己才會咬對方。牠們所分泌毒素並不會引致嚴重問題，而所含有的聚胺毒素卻可能具有治療功效。^[3]

下属物种

Argiope abramovi Logunov & Jäger, 2015
好胜金蛛 Argiope aemula Walckenaer, 1841
高居金蛛 Argiope aetherea (Walckenaer, 1841)
类高居金蛛 Argiope aetheroides Yin, Wang, Zhang, Peng & Chen, 1989
Argiope ahngeri Spassky, 1932
悦目金蛛 Argiope amoena L. Koch, 1878
Argiope anasuja Thorell, 1887
Argiope anomalopalpis Bjørn, 1997
Argiope appensa (Walckenaer, 1841)
Argiope argentata (Fabricius, 1775)
Argiope aurantia Lucas, 1833
Argiope aurocincta Pocock, 1898
Argiope australis (Walckenaer, 1805)
Argiope bivittigera Strand, 1911
Argiope blanda O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898
伯氏金蛛 Argiope boesenbergi Levi, 1983
Argiope bougainvilla (Walckenaer, 1847)
横纹金蛛 Argiope bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772)
Argiope brunnescentia Strand, 1911
Argiope buehleri Schenkel, 1944
Argiope bullocki Rainbow, 1908
Argiope butchko LeQuier & Agnarsson, 2016
凯撒金蛛 Argiope caesarea Thorell, 1897
Argiope caledonia Levi, 1983
Argiope cameloides Zhu & Song, 1994
Argiope carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1944)
链斑金蛛 Argiope catenulata (Doleschall, 1859)
Argiope chloreis Thorell, 1877
Argiope comorica Bjørn, 1997
Argiope coquereli (Vinson, 1863)
Argiope dang Jäger & Praxaysombath, 2009
大卫氏金蛛 Argiope davidi
Argiope dietrichae Levi, 1983
Argiope doboensis Strand, 1911
Argiope doleschalli Thorell, 1873
Argiope ericae Levi, 2004
Argiope flavipalpis (Lucas, 1858)
Argiope florida Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944
Argiope halmaherensis Strand, 1907
Argiope hinderlichi Jäger, 2012
Argiope hoiseni Tan, 2018
Argiope intricata Simon, 1877
景洪金蛛 Argiope jinghongensis Yin, Peng & Wang, 1994
Argiope kaingang Corronca & Rodríguez-Artigas, 2015
Argiope katherina Levi, 1983
凯氏金蛛 Argiope keyserlingi Karsch, 1878
Argiope kochi Levi, 1983
Argiope legionis Motta & Levi, 2009
Argiope levii Bjørn, 1997
叶金蛛 Argiope lobata (Pallas, 1772)
Argiope luzona (Walckenaer, 1841)
厚椽金蛛 Argiope macrochoera Thorell, 1891
Argiope madang Levi, 1984
Argiope magnifica L. Koch, 1871
Argiope mangal Koh, 1991
狂金蛛 Argiope manicata
Argiope manila Levi, 1983
Argiope mascordi Levi, 1983
小悦目金蛛 Argiope minuta Karsch, 1879
Argiope modesta Thorell, 1881
Argiope niasensis Strand, 1907
目金蛛 Argiope ocula Fox, 1938
Argiope ocyaloides L. Koch, 1871
澳赫金蛛 Argiope ohsumiensis
Argiope pentagona L. Koch, 1871
孔金蛛 Argiope perforata Schenkel, 1963
Argiope picta L. Koch, 1871
Argiope pictula Strand, 1911
Argiope ponape Levi, 1983
Argiope possoica Merian, 1911
Argiope probata Rainbow, 1916
Argiope protensa L. Koch, 1872
丽金蛛 Argiope pulchella Thorell, 1881
类丽金蛛 Argiope pulchelloides Yin, Wang, Zhang, Peng & Chen, 1989
Argiope radon Levi, 1983
Argiope ranomafanensis Bjørn, 1997
Argiope reinwardti (Doleschall, 1859)
Argiope sapoa Barrion & Litsinger, 1995
Argiope sector (Forsskål, 1776)
Argiope squallica Strand, 1915
Argiope submaronica Strand, 1916
Argiope takum Chrysanthus, 1971
Argiope tapinolobata Bjørn, 1997
Argiope taprobanica Thorell, 1887
三带金蛛 Argiope trifasciata (Forsskål, 1775)
Argiope truk Levi, 1983
多色金蛛 Argiope versicolor (Doleschall, 1859)
Argiope vietnamensis Ono, 2010
杂金蛛 Argiope zabonica

參考

^ Blamires, Sean J.; Hochuli, Dieter F. & Thompson, Michael B. Does decoration building influence antipredator responses in an orb-web spider (Argiope keyserlingi) in its natural habitat? (PDF). Australian Journal of Zoology. 2007, 55: 1–7 [2008-10-25]. doi:10.1071/ZO06098. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-08-21）.
^ Timm, Robert M. & Losilla, Mauricio. Orb-weaving Spider, Argiope savignyi (Araneidae), Predation on the Proboscis Bat Rhynchonycteris naso (Emballonuridae) (PDF). Caribbean Journal of Science. 2007, 43 (2): 282–284 [2008-10-25]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-07-20）.
^ Strømgaard, K.; Mellor, I. AMPA receptor ligands: Synthetic and pharmacological studies of polyamines and polyamine toxins. Med. Res. Rev. 2004: 589–620. ^{[永久失效連結]}

外部連結

金蛛屬的圖片（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[blamires2007-1] Blamires, Sean J.; Hochuli, Dieter F. & Thompson, Michael B. Does decoration building influence antipredator responses in an orb-web spider (Argiope keyserlingi) in its natural habitat? (PDF). Australian Journal of Zoology. 2007, 55: 1–7 [2008-10-25]. doi:10.1071/ZO06098. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-08-21）.

[timm-2] Timm, Robert M. & Losilla, Mauricio. Orb-weaving Spider, Argiope savignyi (Araneidae), Predation on the Proboscis Bat Rhynchonycteris naso (Emballonuridae) (PDF). Caribbean Journal of Science. 2007, 43 (2): 282–284 [2008-10-25]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-07-20）.

[3] Strømgaard, K.; Mellor, I. AMPA receptor ligands: Synthetic and pharmacological studies of polyamines and polyamine toxins. Med. Res. Rev. 2004: 589–620. ^{[永久失效連結]}

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