^Lucas, F. A. 1903. Notes on the osteology and relationships of the fossil birds of the genera Hesperornis, Hargenia, Baptornis, and Diatryma. Proc. U.S. National Mus. 26:545-556.
^Martin, L. 1984. A new Hesperornithid and the relationships of the Mesozoic birds. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 87:141-150.
^Bell, A. and Everhart, M.J. (2009). "A new specimen of Parahesperornis (Aves: Hesperornithiformes) from the Smoky Hill Chalk (Early Campanian) of Western Kansas." Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 112(1/2): 7-14.
^Mortimer, Michael (2004): The Theropod Database: Phylogeny of taxa. Retrieved 2013-MAR-02.
^Bell, A.; Chiappe, L. M. A species-level phylogeny of the Cretaceous Hesperornithiformes (Aves: Ornithuromorpha): Implications for body size evolution amongst the earliest diving birds. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 2015, 14 (3): 239–251. S2CID 83686657. doi:10.1080/14772019.2015.1036141.
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